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LianchengSun[9], according to the annular flume of fine sediment movement characteristic test results, put forward fine sediment starting, deposition velocity empirical formula suitable for sediment grain size in 0.0017 ~ 0.07 mm.
In order to make the annular flume experiments results closer to field conditions, including sand sample, water sample, Li Yu et al. [45]got an effective method from a large number of experiments.
Southard: Erosion of fine-grained marine sediment: Sea-floor and laboratory experiments.

In order to use reasonably the macro parameter (Eq. 9) to describe the fatigue growth, the optimal value of a∆ is three times greater than the average grain size and less than the damage zone.
The micro-grain size number of 16MnR steel is equal to 10 and the average diameter ( )d obtained by ASTM E112-96 is 11.2 µm.

In more recent years the use of ALM has become far more widespread and industry is now moving towards large scale manufacture of structurally integral components through a number of different ALM processes.
Microstructure of (a) EBM, cross section to the columnar grains developed parallel to the build direction (b) cast & HIP (c) forged Ti-6Al-4V material variants.
Biermann, Strength of fine grained carbon-bonded alumina (Al2O3–C) materials obtained by means of the small punch test, Ceram.

A number of authors have performed research related to increase the material removal rate (MRR) and to reduce the electrode wear ratio (EWR) such as Valentinĉiĉ et al [3] and Ferreira [4] who studied the micro machining with copper tungsten electrode and the effect of different parameters such as tension, current of discharge, impulse time and dielectric pressure on the variation of the surface aspect by examining its topography and its microstructure with an electrons scanner.
Moreover, in the immediate vicinity of the molten metal, the heated areas at very high temperature undergo an enlargement of the grains and sometimes a local fusion of the grains joints which causes the formation of particular structures components.

., specific gravity, grain size, Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, permeability coefficient, shear strength parameters and consolidation parameters.
Table 1: Typical Chemical Composition of Fly Ash Contents Percentage by Mass Calcium oxide, CaO 0.37 Silicon dioxide, SiO2 27.88 Aluminium oxide, Al2O 5.23 Iron oxide, Fe2O3 1.21 Magnesium oxide, MgO 0.42 Sulphur Trioxide, SO3 0.04 Sodium carbonate, Na2O 0.20 Potassium oxide, K2O 0.64 Titanium dioxide, TiO2 0.24 Other alkaline & unidentified 4.0 LOI (Loss on Ignition) 0.21-28.37 Table 2: Physical Propeties of Fly Ash Parameters Flyash Density 2.17 g/cm3 Bulk density 1.26 g/cm3 Moisture content 2% Particle shape Spherical/Irregular Colour Grey pH 6.0-10.0 Specific gravity 1.66-2.55 Grain size distribution Sandy silt to silty loam Porosity 45%-55% Water holding capacity 45%-60% Electrical conductivity (dS/m) 0.15-0.45 Geopolymer concrete Fly ash based Geopolymer concrete is an innovation material for the construction as it is freefrom hydration process, alakli and aggregate reaction and found highly durable in aggressiveenvironment.
In order to achieve the required thickness, a number of laminates are used (Fig. 9).

The required grain fineness, phase composition and, accordingly, high strength properties are traditionally achieved by energy-intensive sequential performing of hot-working schedule at the preliminary and final stages, as well as by heat treatment (quenching + tempering (Q&T) and normalization) [21-23].
Improving their accuracy requires consideration of many factors (which is difficult), and as the number of such factors increases, the speed decreases.
Strengthening Effect of Nb on Ferrite Grain Boundary in X70 Pipeline Steel.

These large numbers are due to their ability to coordinate with different charges present in the molecular structure.
FTIR spectroscopic data were recorded using the Thermo Fisher Scientific–Nicolet iS5 spectrometer in the range of wave numbers 4000 to 400 cm-1.
The line width of the most intense peak is generally used to calculate the grain size.
The synthesized magnetite spinel nanoparticles show absorption bands at wave numbers 3440, 2960 (very weak), 2370 (for HPMC and PVA coated), 1660, 1430, 1060, and 605 cm-1, and many small absorption peaks in the wave number range 600–1660 cm-1.
Neel, Theorie du trainage magnetique des ferromagnetiques en grains fins avec applications aux terres cuites, Ann.

Meanwhile, the number of companies producing products classified as high-tech in the European Union during this period decreased by approximately 2.5%.
Statistical ratio of enrolment is impressive, it shows significant growth in the number of people deciding to study at universities.
Growth in the number of young scientists in Poland in recent years has resulted in an increase in the number of people who plan researcher career, which causes growing efficiency of research and science facilities.
Among the entrepreneurs who undertake the cooperation in the scope of R&D the greatest popularity is won by the projects with low risk [9], and thereby low rate of return which is not sufficient to grain long-term economic benefits [10].
The largest number of technopolises is in the United States.

The nanocomposite structured C7 product by Unimerco consists of nano-crystalline AlTiN grains embedded in an amorphous matrix of silicon nitride (Si3N4), which provides a high oxidation limit (up to 1100o C) together with a hardness of 45 GPa (4600 HV).
The former suggests that maximum number of holes would be obtained by operating at the lowest cutting speed and feed rate under wet conditions, independent of drill coating.
Fig. 5: (a) Main effects plot and (b) ANOVA results for tool life in terms number of drilled holes.
Fig. 6: (a) Typical thrust force / torque signature and (b) evolution of thrust force / torque versus number of drilled holes in Test 1.
Conclusions • Tool life in terms of number of drilled holes was primarily dependent on cutting speed and cutting environment.

Wrought iron was essential because it had high ductility and strength in the longitudinal direction, due to the ductile iron grains; transverse cracks had a fibrous (silky) appearance (now referred to as dimpled) due to formation of voids at the slag [5,8-10].
optimum spacing and number of rows of rivets [1,11].
The brittleness had been induced by WI workers inadvertently over heating to liquefy low melting impurities at the grain boundaries.