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Use of herbal medicinal plants has been distinctive in our lives right from the primitive period till today and provided us with the data on the use of plants or plant products as therapeutic agents in treating various ailments by virtue of their phytoconstituents (10).
% DPPH inhibition=Acontrol-AsampleAcontrol x 100 (1) where Acontrol is an absorbance of mixing methanol and DPPH radical solution Asample is an absorbance of mixing DPPH in methanol solution and sample Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay was described by Rabeta et al. with some modifications (13), based on the reduction of Fe3+-TPTZ to a blue colored Fe2+-TPTZ.
Antioxidants are compounds capable of donating a single electron or hydrogen atom for reduction.

The CDP model assumes that the reduction of the elastic modulus E is given in terms of a scalar degradation variable d as: , where E0 is the initial elasticity modulus of the undamaged material.
For the purpose of this work the registered data were scaled, so the maximum horizontal ground acceleration of the shock equaled 0.5 g.
Finally, the reduction of the elastic modulus, given in terms of a stiffness degradation variable (SDEG), was reported at the same time.

According to these data, we can deduce that density is the main criteria of the natural fibre used in FML panel for car front hood design.
This criteria could contribute weight reduction of the car front hood.
Lightweight materials can improve passenger vehicle fuel efficiency by 6-8% for each 10% reduction in weight while also making electric and alternative vehicles more competitive [23].

These normative acts, mandatory for member states, impose the reduction of energy consumption and of CO2 emissions up to 20% until 2020 and an increased use of renewable resources that should represent 20 % of the total energy consumption of the European Union until 2020.
Energy saving is an integral and essential part of the EU-27 Strategy for Climatic Changes, C02 emission reduction, increase of durability and improvement of the security of supply and competitivity.
For all materialels used to execute the 9 solutions studied experimentally, we have determined the following thermo-physical characteristics: • thermal conductivity coefficient; • thermal assimilation coefficient (calculated based on experimental data).

Poor surface quality can increase surface irregular roughness and cause reduced thermal and mechanical fatigue life and reduction in impact strength, leading to premature die failure.
These data are all averages of three experimental specimens in order to eliminate the random measure errors.
However, in normal ECM process, high speed electrolyte (6-30 m/s) can form some current ripples on blade surface alone the flushing direction of electrolyte, which can result in reduced thermal and mechanical fatigue life and reduction in impact strength of aero-engine blades.

Grade C (ppm) Cr Ni Mo Si Mn N (ppm) S (ppm) 304 437 18.2 8.1 0.30 0.449 1.160 525 16 316L 294 18.9 10.1 2.03 0.343 1.381 456 17 430 339 16.3 0.27 0.04 0.382 0.339 372 20 441 123 18.0 0.19 0.04 0.556 0.246 139 8 Grade Ti Nb V B (ppm) Co Sn P Cu 304 0.003 0.007 0.067 13 0.173 0.011 0.029 0.320 316L 0.010 0.009 0.055 15 0.195 0.008 0.036 0.268 430 0.002 0.014 0.100 3 0.025 0.011 0.032 0.086 441 0.162 0.502 0.132 4 0.031 0.008 0.024 0.046 All grades were used after cold rolling, giving a thickness of 0.5 mm and a reduction rate of ~ 80% for the ferritics and a thickness of 1 mm (304) and 0.7 mm (316L) with a reduction rate of ~ 60% for the austenitics.
Considering the lower 2θ values in this figure compared to MnCr2O4 and Mn1.5Cr1.5O4 tabulated data, the stoichiometry of the spinel phase seemed to be close to Mn[MnCr]O4, a phase where half of Cr 3+ cations of the octahedral sites have been replaced by Mn 3+.

Based on cathodic reduction results, Nagayama and Cohen [20] proposed that the passive films consisted of an inner layer of Fe3O4 and outer layer of γ-Fe2O3.
These results are in a good agreement with the literature data obtained in similar experimental conditions [25, 26]
Air-formed oxide has been removed from surface with galvanostatic reduction in borate buffer solution.

Introduction Electroless (EL) deposition is commonly employed to deposit metals and their alloys without the use of electric current, via reduction of the metal by a reducing agent.
A Talysurf instrument was employed to provide roughness data over an 8 mm length of the specimen with eight replicate scans.
Szcygiel et al. [12] who had observed slight reduction of phosphorous content in the composite NiP-ZrO2 coatings, most likely due to the differences in the bath composition and the deposition temperature.

An electron beam is used to form thin plates of sectional shapes based on three-dimensional (3D) CAD data.
The other purpose of remelting by EB irradiation is surface smoothing due to reflow of molten metal, which causes a reduction in the peak-valley height of the surface due to surface tension.
When the electron beam spot is stepped with a smaller pitch, the molten metal temperature increases due to the rise in input energy, and this leads to a reduction in surface roughness due to the lower surface tension.

Since a Ni-Ti alloy specimen compressed to a strain of 0.04, in which no stress-plateau appears at macroscopic scales on a stress-strain curve, has a high density of dislocation [3], the reduction of the transformable mass under compression is deduced to be steeper than that under tension. 0 50 100 150 200 250 3000 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 � �� $� � VW � � �� 0� � VW � � �� $� � G
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� Plastic strain� � εεεε � � 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10 5 10 15 20 25 30 ���� Plastic strain�� ε (%)ε (%)ε (%)ε (%) static dynamic Fig.7 Dependence of plastic strain on heat flow Fig.8 Effect of plastic strain on shape recovery Effects of Strain and Strain Rate on Shape Recovery.
The reduction of the recovery by the increase of the strain and strain rate is explained by generation of slip due to multiplication of dislocation under the plastic deformation as described above.
Satoh: An Ultrasonic Method of Detecting Dislocation Behaviour at high strain rates: Theoretical Basis for Data Analysis, Inst.