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Yanzhao Du [3] also used the microwave method to expand vermiculite, results showed that the expanded vermiculite prepared by microwave irradiation had more gaps between completely separate layers, greater volume yield and less changed layer distance compared with electric heating method Mamina [4] expanded phlogopite using the hydrogen peroxide, and studied the structure of the exfoliation phlogopite.
Muromtsev[7] found that in the reaction between the vermiculite and a 30 % hydrogen peroxide solution, the exfoliation was related to the separation of silicate layers with oxygen formed by the decomposition of peroxide and also to the disruption of the equilibrium between the layers and the interlayer cations, due to vigorous release of hydroxide groups from the structure.
Girgin: Turkish Journal of Chemistry Vol. 26 (2002), p.431

Zinc oxide has a stable wurtzite structure with a lattice spacing a = 0.325 nm and c = 0.521 nm [1].
The SEM images show that the two different synthesis methods had resulted in different morphologies despite the single phase structure.
Eychmuller: Chemistry of Mater.

It could destroy the passivation film structure, then permeated into the T23 matrix surface and finally formed Fe3O4 product in the medium environment.
From the 200 and 500 times of SEM micrographs, it showed that the corrosion product of material surface was loose, under 1000 times it appeared massive structure, and it presented the distribution of disorder under 5000 times.
[10] Zhang Hui,Zhu Zhi-ping,Jing Linlin,etc,(2011),”Research the characteristics of furnace tube oxide film in AVT water chemistry conditions”,Journal of engineering for thermal energy and power,vol.26,no.6.

Fault diagnosis features and technical strategies Machinery fault diagnosis is a very strong comprehensive discipline, which combines mechanical, electrical, physics, chemistry, mathematics, aerospace, welding, computers and many other disciplines, and there are several features: The scientific nature of fault diagnosis.
Decision tree.Decision tree is a tree structure prediction model, in which non-terminal node tree, said property belongs to the leaf nodes that different categories.
The key issue for the application process: network construction and training, according to the number and type of property can determine the appropriate number of network input and output modes, and form a suitable network structure; by pruning or network pruning (Network Pruning) , does not affect the classification error in the premise, get rid of the network nodes and links.

Crystalline α-ZrP, Zr(HPO4)2·H2O, has been extensively studied by virtue of its intriguing intercalation chemistry, ion exchange properties, proton conductivity, catalytic properties, and related applications [[] A.
From Fig. 2a, the corresponding SEM image of the starting α-ZrP clearly shows that sheet structure with a large average size of about 1 μm and the low aspect ratio (ca. 80-250 nm in lateral dimensions).
However, the morphology still keeps layered structure.

The performances of the resulting materials toward the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 were investigated and the results showed that Fe doping can regulate the energy band structure of CDs.
The results showed that Fe-CDs were synthesized by modulating the energy band structure of CDs.
The calculated band structure data of the Fe-CDs are summarized in Table. 1.
(a) DRS, (b) Tauc plots, (c) Mott-Schottky curves, and (d) band structures of ScCDs and Fe-CDs.
Li, Effect of carbon-dots modification on the structure and photocatalytic, J.

Electronic band structure of RbCdF3 and TlCdF3 The bands structures along the high symmetry directions in the Brillouin zone at equilibrium lattices constants are calculated using the WC-GGA and TB-mBJ potential for the two materials, they are represented in Fig.2.
The optical properties can be gained from the complex dielectric function, which is mainly connected to the electronic structure.
Ye, Bismuth aluminate, a new high-Tc lead-free piezo-/ferroelectric, Chemistry of Materials, 19 (26) (2007) 6385-6390
Wroblewski, Crystal structure of the ceramic superconductor BaPb0.75Bi0.25O3, Zeitschrift für Physik B Condensed Matter, 82 (2) (1991) 171-176
Takeuchi, Fine-structure anomalies in EPR spectra of Gd3+ centres formed in TlCdF3 single crystals, Journal of Physics, Condensed Matter, 18 (31) (2006) 7427

Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to evaluate the crystal structure of the obtained powder materials.
In the sample there is a sharp peak indicating that the sample has a good crystal structure.
In addition, there are double split peaks that can be observed at the (006)/(102) and (018)/(110) peaks on both peaks indicating the presence of a high crystal structure with a layered structure.
NMC532 have values above the ideal c/a ratio, which means the sample has a well-ordered layered structure[20].
[17] Kalyani, P., and Kalaiselvi, N., 2005, Various aspects of LiNiO2 chemistry: A review, Sci.

Extraction of Silica (SiO2) from White Sand, Sulawesi Island Meytij Jeanne Rampe1,a,*, Johny Zeth Lombok1,b, Henny Lieke Rampe2,c, Vistarani Arini Tiwow3,d, Indah Panawar4,e 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Manado, Manado, Indonesia 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia 3Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Makassar State University, Makassar, Indonesia 4Student of Master, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Negeri Manado, Manado, Indonesia ameytijrampe@unima.ac.id, bjohnylombok@unima.ac.id, chennyrampe@gmail.com, dvistaranitiwow@unm.ac.id, eindahpanawar@gmail.com Keywords: white sand beach, SiO2, XRF, XRD, FTIR Abstract.
Testing of elemental composition using XRF (X-ray Fluorescence), crystal structure using X-Ray Diffraction, and functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared.

The micro structure and nano-hardness of the film are tested by Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) and nano-indentation tester.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 91 (2005): 494-499