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The improved photocatalytic efficiency should be attributed to the lower photo-induced electron–hole pair recombination rate and accelerated transfer rate of photogenerated electrons based on heterojunction structure.
Therefore, a variety of modifications were done, CdS-based heterojunctions showed obvious improvement of photocatalytic activity for the new band structure, such as CdS/g-C3N4 [4] and CdS/Bi2WO6 [5].
Mn3O4 is a black tetragonal crystal, a stable brown crystalline powder, and the ionic structure is a normal spinel structure with [Mn2+(Mn3+)2O4].
Cadium chloride (CdCl2–2.5H2O) (A.R., Damao Chemical Industry, Tianjin), diethylenetriamine (C4H13N3) (A.R., Runyou Chemistry Corporation Limited, Shenzhen), sulfur (S) (A.R., Fengchuan Chemical Reagent Technology Corporation Limited, Tianjin), methanol (CH3CHO) (A.R., Xilong Science Corporation Limited, Shantou), manganese chloride (MnCl2–4H2O) (A.R., Runyou Chemistry Corporation Limited, Shenzhen), tetramethylammonium hydroxide (C4H13NO) (A.R., Runyou Chemistry Corporation Limited, Shenzhen), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (A.R., Xilong Science Corporation Limited, Shantou) and ultrapure water (made in our lab) were used for synthesizing different photocatalysts.

And then fractal methods were used to clarify the nonlinear structures.
Introduction Several researchers have studied the light transmission of materials with different structures, mainly focus on surface structure.
And then fractal methods were used to clarify the nonlinear structures.
UV/Vis spectroscopy is routinely used in analytical chemistry for the quantitative determination of different analytes, such as transition metal ions, highly conjugated organic compounds, and biological macromolecules.
Fractal methods were used to characterize the nonlinear structure of fiber assembly.

Characterization of SnO2 Nanoparticles Prepared by Two Different Wet Chemistry Methods MOHAMMAD Hafizuddin Haji Jumali1,a, NOOR J.
Another possible approach is varying the structure of SnO2 nanoparticles [4].
Crystal structure and phase identification of both samples were determined using XRD technique (Bruker D8 Discover) with Cu-Kα radiation (k = 1.5406 Ǻ) in 2θ range of 20-70°.
The morphologies and structures of the samples were investigated by FE-SEM (SUPRA 55VP).
The closed line represents the linear fit Conclusion Single phase nanostructured SnO2 was successfully prepared by two different wet chemistry methods, namely sol gel and direct growth methods.

Effect of further calcination on the phase structure of LiMn2O4 prepared by a solution combustion synthesis Guiyang Liu1, a, Junming Guo2, Baosen Wang1, Ying He1 1College of Science, Honghe University, Mengzi Yunnan, China 661100 2Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine Resource Chemistry，State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education，Yunnan University of Nationalities, Kunming Yunnan, China 650031 aliuguiyang@tsinghua.org.cn Keywords: Lithium ion batteries, cathode, spinel, solution combustion synthesis.
The effect of further calcination at 500oC and 600oC on the phase structure and composition were investigated.
The composition and phase structure are determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
The phase structure and lattice parameters of the products are investigated in details.
Acknowledgements The present work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51062018) and by the Key Subject of Materials Physics and Chemistry of Honghe University.

Preparation and Characterization of the Magnetic Layered Double Hydroxide Fluorescence Composite Ju-Qin Cao,Li-e Dong,Feng-Yuan Zhang,Guo-Jing Gou* (Medical chemistry department, School of Basic Medical, Ningxia medical university, Yinchuan 750004) Email: ggj64@yahoo.com.cn Key words: Magnetic layered double hydroxides; Intercalation; Supra-molecular assembly; Fluorescence probe Abstract.
The crystal structure and properties of the intercalated compound MLDH-FLU were investigated through XRD, IR, TEM and TG-DSC characterization.
The assembly reaction does not affect the internal structure of the MLDH layers except increase of the interlayer spacing, but makes MLDH-FLU particle growing along a axis and accumulating orderly in c axis orientation.
Choy: Bioconjugate Chemistry, Vol. 17 (2006) No 6, p.1411
Choy: journal of physics and chemistry of solids, Vol. 67 (2006) No.5, p.1024

The rationale for the selected materials and structures as well as description of the main stages of manufacturing technology and processing of solar cells (SC) were made.
Using the sun tracking systems is a complex structure which provides a SC turn at the optimal angle, toward to the current position of the sun. 3.
According to indirect data, the nanoparticles are absorbed into the silicon wafer structure.
Kurganov Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the size and properties of CdS quantum dots in reverse micelles //Radiation Physics and Chemistry, v. 92. 2013, с. 87–92
Doklady Chemistry, vol. 450, part 1, 2013 – Springer

The structures and properties of the catalysts were characterized by FT-IR, SEM and XRD.
Results and Discussions The Structure Analysis of SG and IL/ SG.
Therefore, the structures of all catalysts were amorphous.
Green Chemistry, 2010, 12(7): 1139
Chemistry - A European Journal, 2005, 11(18): 5279-5288.

The structure of undecylenate based diol was verified by hydrogen proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR).
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to characterize the structure of WPU film.
Click chemistry has emerged as a green concept to couple chemicals together, strictly bound to requirements serving efficient procedures and lowering the impact on the natural environment [5-8].
The structure of UAE (a) and UAD (b) were confirmed by 1H NMR spectrums (Fig.1).
The apparent property of WPU dispersion was studied and the structure of the film was confirmed by FT-IR.

Introduction Mesoporous carbons with hierarchically porous structures and high surface area are required for practical applications in adsorption and separation [1,2].
Our team reported the mesoporous structure onion-like carbon monoliths materials are obtained by employing ILs as carbon source [7].
Fig.5 c showed the TEM images of the monolithic OMC, it can be seen that abundant pores can be observed on the surface of materials, the structure was honeycomb.
Zhang: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 1 (2013), 1045-1047 [9] S.
Antonietti: Green Chemistry. 14 (2012), 1515-1523 [10] X.

Usually however, the reaction ends up with a complete destruction of the crystal structure.
The theory of this interaction, and of formation of the colored adducts from the colorless components was given by R.S.Mulliken [32], and it was one of the achievements recognized in his Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1966 ("for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method").
These bonds are very important in, for instance, condensed matter physics, chemistry, biology and material sciences [37]; they are often the strongest of the intermolecular interactions and the arrangements of molecules in the aggregates or the structures of molecular crystals are often governed by the patterns of hydrogen bonds.
Another example is the structure of guanidinium nitrate [42, 43].
In: D.Fox, M.M.Labes and A.Weissberger (eds.): Physics and chemistry of the organic solid state, vol. 2 (Wiley Interscience, New York, U.S.A., 1965), pp. 725-767