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The amounts of the metals dropped with 1 ppb and 10 ppb were theoretically 1 × 1011 atoms/cm2 and 1 × 1012 atoms/cm2, respectively.
The lower limits of detection go to 1 × 1012 atoms/cm2.
Figure 1: TXRF spectrum of InGaAs surface contaminated with the metals, whose concentration are equivalent to 1 × 1011 atoms/cm2.
References [1] J.
A. del Alamo, Nature, 479 (2011) 317-323

Video measurement system based on digital image processing technology does not need to contact with the tested fiber optic cable, just need to install CCD to a reasonable position, ensure sufficient lighting, and through the software system to track system deformation, then tensile test results can be tested.[1] Therefore, it's very necessary to study a new non-contact video extensometer system for testing the tension strain of fiber optic cable.
System overview structure diagram is shown in figure 1: Figure1 System overview structure diagram The working principle of the system is make two obvious markers on the tested fiber optic cable first, and then through the lighting system light up the tested optical cable, make the tested fiber optic cable markers imaging to CCD, and keep the camera's optical axis vertical with the tested fiber optic axis.
The resolution of the CCD is 1628*1236; pixel size is 4.4μm*4.4μm; optical size is 1/1.8''; 12 bit AD and 8 bit output.
Image acquisition card: Image acquisition card control camera to take pictures, finish image acquisition and digitization.[5] The functions of image acquisition card are shown blow: (1)Image signals receiving and A/D conversion, responsible for image signal amplifier and digitization
Reference [1] Xinjie Zhang, zhedong Xie, "Used for the study of precision displacement measurement of video extensometer system"[J], Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, Jun 2011 [2] Zhanfu Wang, Liping Xie, "Design of Non-contact Video Strain Measurement System"[J], Tool Engineering，2011,45(8):91-94 [3] Weiguo Zhang , Bin Wang, Hongye Chen, Guangzhe Liu, "The Design of Reality Video Images Processing System Based on Digital Image Processing Technology"[J], Natural Science Edition, Sep.2011 [4] Qingyun Dai, Yingling Yu, "The advanced of mathematical morphology in images processing"[J], Control Theory and Applications, 2001, 18(4):479-481 [5] LanlanChen, Duyan Bi, "App1ication of mathematical morphology in image processing"[J], Modern E1etronical Technology, 2002, (8):18-20

Fig.1 Simulation area and points Fig.2 The mesh of the area Model simulation results and contrast analysis To comparison of computed result of water level and the data from tidal table at 4#: Fig.3 The vertification of waterlevel Fig4-Fig6:Comparison of computed sediment concentration and remote sensing data Fig.4The vertification of sediment concentration at 1# Fig.5 The vertification of sediment concentration at 2# Fig.6 The vertification of sediment concentration at 3# In order to have a more intuitive contrast,only those points with GOCI data were kept as showed in Fig7 Fig 7 Vertification of sediment concentration at 1# 2# 3# It is easy to find that the concentration value obtained by inserting GOCI data in to formulas are about 0.01kg/m3~0.07kg/m3.This is quite close to the observed data .
These diagrams illustrates that the verification results are quite pleasant that simulated results are close to the ones obtained from satellite data.But there is still one problem:Though close, there is still relatively large error.This might be explained as below: (1).Data extracted from remote sensing images are not accurate enough.These observed data obtained from satellite could be influenced by kinds of factors (algorithm,weather condition,etc
And in the open sea area, remote sensing method would be much more plesant since there would hardly be any blank region.Just as the picture shows in Fig 8: Fig.8 Sediment concentration in larger scope Conclusion Several problems do exist in this application: (1) Erros are objective and can never be avoided in the application of remote sensing data.So the key to solve this problem would be the support of measured data
References [1] Miller R L, McKee B A.
[5] Chavez P S Jr.An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data[J].Remote Sensing Environ.,1988,24:459-479

(b) Decompose the noise-added signal xm(t) into 1 IMFs ci,m(i=1,2,…l, m=1,2,…,M) using the EMD method.
Figure 1.
References [1] S.
Hayes-Gill, “Application of empirical mode decomposition to heart rate variability analysis”, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, Vol.39, No.4, pp.471-479,2001, doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2004.10.007
“Ensemble empirical mode decomposition: a noise-assisted data analysis method”, Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis, Vol.1, No.1, pp.1-41, 2009, doi: 10.1142/S1793536909000047

The cantilever dimensions, according to the documentation provided by the producer [6], are presented in Table 1.
Table 1.
The cantilever chip is placed on a piezoelectric actuator, excited with a sinus signal (of bandwidth starting from 1 Hz to 1 MHz), which is delivered by a function generator.
II - 16, in: The MEMS Handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2002, pp. 479 – 642
Rades, Mechanical Vibrations, vol. 1, Printech, Bucharest, 2006

For unit single-phase system, there are eight equilibrium state statistical distribution in total [1~4].
For a completely opened system’s distribution of Nr-E-V, the partition function is 1.
Therefore it is insignificant for that distribution [1].
References [1]Münster A.
J Stat Phys, 52(1988) 479-487

Accurate Calculation on Bending Stress of the Tooth Root of the Involute Cylindrical Gear Peng Zheng 1, a, Le Tang 2, b and Zhan Li Jiang 3 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang,110178, China 2 School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang,110004, China 3 Shenyang Blower Works Groups Co., Ltd, Shenyang 110869, China ajzlsbw@163.com, bneunicktang@gmail.com Keywords: Involute Cylindrical Gear, Bending Stress, Tooth Root, Finite-Element Method Abstract.
Introduction Being one of the most widely used type of transmission, gear transmission has advantages such as accurate transmission ratio, high efficiency, compact structure, working reliability and long life[1].
The formulas of the generating line in the polar coordinate are: (1) Converting formula(1) into equations in Cartesian coordinate: (2) Where, (3) Modeling of the Transition Curve of the Tooth Root.
References: [1] Sun Heng, Chen Zuomo.
Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, 2009, 40(5): 479-484

Because wind power conversion process starting from blade, blade life and performance is related to wind power generation system directly [1-4].
web beam Fig.1 Finite element model of the blade Failure Criterion.
The density of glass fiber reinforced materials is 1.5kg/m3.
Corresponding author: Bai Ruixiang References [1] C.D.
Computer Aided Engineering and Technology, 2011, 3(5-6): 466-479

Materials and Methods The raw material used was gas-atomized Ti-6Al-4V ELI powder comprising spherical particles with a mean diameter of approximately 80 μm, as shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 Scanning electron microscope image showing the starting powder morphology of Ti-6Al-4V ELI for the EBM process.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic drawing of the EBM process of a lattice-form structure similar to a jungle gym [1].
References [1] T.
Umakoshi: Unique alignment and texture of biological apatite crystallites in typical calcified tissues analyzed by micro-beam X-ray diffractometer system, Bone 31 (2002) 479-487

The Modeling and Simulation of Induction Motor Control System Based on Stator Flux-Oriented Bi Juan 1, a, Fenglong shen2, b Department of Mechatronic Engineering, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, Liaoning, China abj-ll@163.com, b shenlu-2000 @126.com Keywords: stator flux-oriented, induction motor, flux observer, mathematical modeling Abstract.
Many flux estimation schemes have been studied by many scholars for its precision flux estimation is influenced only by stator resistance parameters [1].
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of stator flux observer Simulation The simulation of induction motor control system is achieved by using the SIMULINK / MATLAB.
References [1] Mitronikas E D, Safacas A N.
IEEE ISIE, 1999, 15(6):474-479