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On the other hand, it has been found that higher nitrogen content in a-sialon structure forced higher emission intensity [15].
The m-value describes an amount of di-valent cations (Ca2+, Eu2+) entering a-sialon crystal structure.
Since probability of a larger than designed absolute amount of Ca+Eu in a-sialon structure of AO is low, we can assume that higher than expected m value is due to a lower amount of Si-N bonds in the crystal structure replaced by m Al-N and n Al-O bonds.
The very low emission intensity of AO phosphor after synthesis at 1450 °C confirms earlier assumption that Eu2+ did not enter sialon crystal structure.
Solid State Chemistry 165 (2002)19–24

We can understand the general structure of a simple genetic algorithm in this section.
However, we obtain four structures of the optimal value of 62.1118 units by HBPSO and that represents we can find multiple structures of the optimal value.
The result and structure are the same as.
Finally, we obtain the optimal value of 46.8787 units with two structures by HBPSO in problem3.
Yang, "Improved binary PSO for feature selection using gene expression data," Computational Biology and Chemistry, vol. 32, no. 1, 2008, pp. 29-37

What is more, nanotechnology is not just limited to work on Nano-sized particles; it also includes manufacturing Nano structure on the surface of bigger particles and many other aspects.
Also, Yufen Yang’ et al. [30-32] explored a way to prepare CaCO3/ cenospheres composite with Ca(OH)2-H2O-CO2 system, which enhances the strength and whiteness of cenospheres, and also fashions Nano structure on the surface of Micro-sized cenospheres.
Recent studies on lotus and rice leaves reveal that a super-hydrophobic surface with a large contact angle and small rolling angle requires both surface roughness with micron/nano structures and low surface energy.
With both surface roughness of micron/nano composite structures and low surface energy, Qi Wang successfully prepared super-hydrophobic surfaces with average contact angle of 152 degree.
[6] Hao Xiangyang, Gai Guosheng, Yang Yufen, Zhang Yihe, Nan Cewen, Development of the conductive polymer matrix composite with low concentration of the conductive filler, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol.109(2008) , p.15-19

The next method includes laser-induced periodic surface structures formation on the steel substrate by high-peak-power femtosecond or picosecond lasers.
At the lowest studied scanning speed (4.8m/s), highest heat input, the surface is covered by numerous clustered crystallite structures of iron-rich oxides (Fig. 10).
The protruding crystallite structures directly influence on the light interference phenomena and surface colour perception, that is not uniform and mixed with opalizing aspect.
Too fast oxidation causing rapid growth of clustered crystallite structures of iron-rich oxides on the oxide layer substrate results in non-homogeneous colour effect.
Landolt, Passive films on stainless steel-chemistry, structure and growth, Electrochemia Acta 28, p. 1093-1104, 2003.

This task is relevant for many branches of science, in particular physics, astronomy, materials science, engineering, numerical methods, modeling, and chemistry [4].
Ivanov, Using various methods of imaging and visualization for studying heterogeneous structures at micro- and nanoscales.
Fire resistance of reinforced concrete and steel structures.
Fire resistance of reinforced concrete and steel structures, 1–166 (2021)
Assessment of fire resistance of fireproof reinforced concrete structures. 

It is still used for repair works in cultural heritage constructions, as a sacrificial material acting to protect the overall structure or even sometimes as a traditional material in modern structures.
The structure of strätlingite contains an aluminosilicate anion [AlSi(OH)8.H2O]- in its interlayer regions [12, 14-16].
Numerous authors, such as [9,21-23] reported that aluminum atoms may incorporate into the structure of C-S-H to form a partially Alsubstituted C-S-H, or C(A)SH.
Allmann, Refinement of the hybrid layer structure [Ca2Al(OH)6]+·[1/2SO4·3H2O]−, Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie Monatshefte (1977) 136-144
Taylor, Cement Chemistry, second ed., Thomas Telford Publishing, London, 1997

If the effects of chemistry could be isolated and the grain structure varied, then potentially the effect of grain size on corrosion could be determined.
ECAP processing of the cast Mg material is seen to result in a very uniform and refined equiaxed grain structure (Figure 2).
Optical micrographs of the grain structure of pure Mg as a result of different processing and heat treatments as indicated on the respective images.
In this regard, the goal of this study, i.e., improving the surface oxide quality by modifying the substrate structure of Mg, has been achieved.
This demonstrates that corrosion resistance is significantly affected by grain structure. .

Fig. 7 Atomic structure of a binary metallic glass (schematic).
Atoms can move more easily through the more open structure than through the more dense relaxed structure.
Fig. 17 Atomic structure of an oxide glass (2D schematic).
Fig. 20 Structure of a sodium-rubidium borate glass (2D schematic).
Funke at the Physical Chemistry Department of the Münster University.

The main advantage of EBL is its high resolution, which allows for the creation of intricate nanoscale structures.
FIB is particularly useful for modifying existing structures and fabricating complex three-dimensional nanoantennas.
This process transfers the pattern onto the polymer, which is then used to create nanoantenna structures.
This involves addressing issues such as the skin effect in metallic materials and the inherent resistance of the antenna structure.
Calvert, "Inkjet printing for materials and devices," Chemistry of Materials 13, 3299 (2001)

This study, which takes into account the guiding principle of hydro-chemistry, examined 20 surface water samples collected over the course of a year (2021–2022) from Nineteen different locations for the purpose of evaluating the water quality using an integrative approach of CWQI, MOORA, and GIS methodologies.
In spite of the fact that structured approaches based on aggregative WQI evaluation methods have been used in the past, this research presents an intensive surface water quality assessment for the first time by producing critic weight coefficients and rank scores for the water quality indicators.
Nutrient chemistry and eutrophication risk assessment of the Ghaghara River.