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Many research results have indicated that clinkerless alkali-activated slags show higher strengths, denser structure and better durability than Portland cement under both normal and hydrothermal conditions.
Furthermore, during the aging process the pore structure connectivity decreases and the amount of C-S-H gel, poor ionic conductor, increases [24].
As above stated, the strength depends on pore structures and porosity and the bulk resistance depends on the pore structures, porosity and ions concentrations in pore solution.
Similar strength differences indicate similar pore structure differences, which produces similar differences of bulk resistance.
[2] Malolepszy, J., 1986, Activation of synthetic melitite slags by alkalis. 8th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 4, 104-107

· Surface modification by changing the surface chemistry.
These compounds are added for improving the properties of titanium like resistance to heat, thermal conductivity, micro structure, creep resistant, ductility, corrosion resistance, etc., Ti6Al4V (Grade 5) titanium alloy is the most commonly used titanium alloy.
To ensure good results by nitriding, the Ti6Al4V alloy components are heat treated (hardened, quenched and tempered), to ensure formation of uniform grain structure in the Ti6Al4V alloy parts.
Raveh.A (1993) in his research work has concluded that, after plasma nitriding in Ti6Al4V the reaction between the active nitrogen species and titanium depleted of aluminum and vanadium forms a compound layer of Є- and δ phases which has a strong effect on structure and properties [09-26].
Phase, composition and crystallographic structures are determined by the X-Ray Diffraction Method.

Structure calculations of the SiC [111]-ZrB2 [0001] heterojunction were carried out using the NWChem simulation package, [26].
The atomic coordinates were fully relaxed to their zero force positions, yielding optimized atomic structures.
It is important to note here that in the examined structures structural changes were observed as a function of strain that include bond rotation and possibly defect formation.
References [1] Westbrook, J.H., Temperature dependence of strength and brittleness of some quartz structures.
Chemistry of Materials, 2005. 17(18): p. 4647-4652

See Fig. 4 and 5 for the chemical structures of the polymers.
General structure of amino acid. with polymerisation the peptide bonds are created [6] Fig. 7.
The mechanical properties of PE will not be influenced by water but can be influenced by fatty acids in the structure [8].
They have general a similar structure as PE and are olefins like PE.
Musin, Methylamines, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.

These substances modify the surface chemistry of particles, reducing attractive forces like Van der Waals interactions and promoting separation.
Ivanov, Using various methods of imaging and visualization for studying heterogeneous structures at micro- and nanoscales.
Assessment of fire resistance of fireproof reinforced concrete structures. 
Nadon, Use of the boundary element method for solving problems of predicting the regularities of formation of the structure of non-isometric components.
International Journal of Solids and Structures. 286–287 (2024) 112562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2023.112562 [31] P.

DMP could react with the curing agent and become a part of the crosslinking network; in this way, a few flexible chains were introduced into the network structure.
A possible reason could be attributed to the fact that the incorporation of DMP into the epoxy system introduced a few flexible chains containing ether bonds inside the network structure of the cast.
Thus, many flexible chain segments were cross linked to the cured epoxy network structure and finally embedded into the structure of the cured epoxy.
Also, the intermolecular forces between polymer and fiber aid the packing of composite into a three dimensional ordered structure restricting the chain mobility of modified epoxy.
May, In Epoxy Resins in Chemistry and Technology, New York: Marcel Dekker, (1988) [7] G.

In fact, the anaerobic reactor performance is dependent to the function and structure of microorganisms present among others.
The bacterial 16S gene contains nine hyper-variable regions (V1-V9) ranging from about 30 - 100 base pairs long that are involved in the secondary structure of the small ribosomal subunit.
Statistic methods such as T-test, MetaStat, LEfSe, Anosim and MRPP could test the significance of community composition and structure differences between groups.
Assessment of microbial community structure.
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts A/B/C. 2018;108:1-8.

The bacterial cellulose produced by Acetobacter xylinum is a unique biopolymer, which has high mechanical strength, crystallinity, and pure nanofibrilar structure [6].
Morphology, Structure, and Crystallinity of Bioplastic.
Bioplastic structure was analyzed with FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red), using IR prestige-21 shimadzu.
Structure of Bioplastic.
Maniaw, Cellulose microfibril from banana peels as a nanoreinforcing fillers for zein films, Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry Vol. 2 (2012) 56-62

Preparation and Characterization of Easy Wrap Film Prepared from Domestically Polymeric Materials Rungsima Yeetsorn1,2,a and Sunanta Chuayprakong3,b,* 1Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand 2Research Unit of Innovative Rubber and Plastics for Industries, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand 3Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand arungsima.y@tggs.kmutnb.ac.th, bsunanta.c@sci.kmutnb.ac.th *corresponding author: sunanta.c@sci.kmutnb.ac.th Keywords: Easy Wrap Film, Polymeric Materials, Natural Rubber Latex, Copolymer.
The specimens in the weathering test for 6.09 hours is equal to noon summer sunlight for 24 hours a day. 2.3.7 Chemical structure Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to investigate chemical structures or functional groups of the prepared film samples.
The cracks and the film degradation due to weathering can be more noticed as the amount of PVNR content cooperated in the samples. 3.6 Chemical structure Chemical structure of the prepared films before and after weathering test can be compared by using ATR-FTIR technique as displayed in Fig 4.
According to the chemical structure of natural rubber, its double bonds are very sensitive to UV, heat and sun light.
They were scrutinized in their chemical structures as displayed in green and purple lines in Fig 4.

The XRD patterns of all prepared samples exhibited single phase with orthorhombic crystal structure (space group Pnma).
DFT result was also showed that this material still has an indirect band gap energy band structure.
The evaluated structure parameters are listed in Table 1.
Nunes, “Effects of synthesis method on stoichiometry, structure and electrical conductivity of CaMnO3-δ,” Int.
Macan et al., “Soft chemistry synthesis of CaMnO3 powders and films,” Ceram.