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The AC magnetic susceptibility is a fundamental method in materials science, which allows to probe the dynamic magnetic response of magnetic materials and superconductors.
Introduction The AC magnetic susceptibility measurement is a unique method suitable to provide a precise characterization of magnetic and superconducting materials in a non-destructive way, particularly appropriate to study the dynamic magnetic response of a material [1].
(4) A reliable characterization of materials with a non-linear magnetic response requires the measurement of harmonic susceptibilities beyond the fundamental one.
All these characteristics make this instrument particularly suitable to probe weak magnetic phases present in diluted magnetic structures such as antiferromagnet, super paramagnetic systems, spin glass and the transport properties of many complex materials and in particular, to investigate the vortex dynamics of superconductor materials.
Puri, "Experiments on strongly correlated materials under extreme conditions," Graduate School "Vito Volterra", Doctorate in Material Science-XXIV Cycle, Sapienza University of Rome AA2011/12, pp.35-36

Introduction Advanced structures are often made from composite materials.
A very frequent type among composite materials are layered composites.
Lukáš: Fatigue of Metallic Materials (Academia Praha, Czech Rep. 1992)
Journal of Fracture 73 (1995), p. 1-23 [4] D.N.
Radon: Computational Materials Science 28 (2003), p. 620-627 [7] J.

When a shell composed with two materials, the material parameters are defined as the Young’s modulus, Poisson ratioand the mass density, respectively.
Tab.2 Properties of functionally graded materials Properties outer materials inner materials Stainless steel Ti-6Al-4V Si3N4 Zirconia (N/m²) 0.317756 0.2981 0.24 0.3 (kg/m³) 8166 4429 2370 5700 The variations of critical pressures of FG cylindrical shells with various boundary conditions are presented in Fig.1.
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 44 (7), 1259-1273
European Journal of Mechanics -A /Solids. 27(6), 1075-1087
International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics. 2002, 37(4-5): 577–588

Materials & Design Vol.28 (2007), p.31-39
Materials and Design Vol.27 (2006), p.329-337
Materials and Design Vol.31 (2010), p.1785-1789
Materials and Design vol. 32 (2011), p.851-860
Materials and Design Vol.29 (2008), p.1949-1954

Quantitative dimensional metrologies of Nano/microstructures are increasingly demanded following the rapid developments in, for instance, semiconductor and precision engineering industry, microsystem technology and materials science.
Probing sphere and stylus are made of material that has high hardness.
SHINNO: Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design Systems and Manufacturing, Vol. 4 (2010) No.6, p.1192
Sun: CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, Vol. 1 (2008) No.1, p.59
Hoffmann: MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 17 (2006), No.5 p.50

It states the necessity of the application of composite material solidifying deformation simulation technology in airplane structure’s manufacture. 1 Introduction Composite materials are wildly used in modern large-scale civil use airliner airframe structure, for its advantages of reliable performance, high strength, and entirety modeling structure etc.
According to statistics, in airbus and Boeing related models, the used weight of composite materials occupies more than 50% of that of whole airframe structure, which means that composite materials have become the main structure materials of modern large-scale civil airliner.
But how to control the deformations during the processes of composite material structures’ manufacture is a challenging issue. 2 Solidifying Deformation Mechanism Analysis Composite material solidifying is a solidifying temperature dropping process with nonlinear inner heat source to low thermal conductivity and anisotropic materials.
The aviation science research project MAAXIMUS on composite material was proposed by European Union Seventh Framework, mainly focusing on virtual simulation platform’s construction of airplane’s manufacture processing, and proceeding the virtual simulation calculation before the manufacture of composite material structure.
Journal of Textile Research, 2010(1): 42-45

The crack tip field in functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs) under mechanical and electrical loadings is studied.
Different from previous analyses, all material properties of the functionally graded piezoelectric materials are assumed to be linear function of y perpendicular to the crack.
Introduction Functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs) are composites with continuously varying properties that have significant advantages over discretely layered materials.
Chue: International Journal of Solids and Structures.
Chue: Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers.

Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Carbon Black -carbon Fiber Cement Based Materials Shaowen Huang a, Guanghua Chen b, Qi Luo c, Yuhua Xud School of material science and engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang , Jiangxi 330031, China ahuangsw@163.com, bchenjianhua8882002@yahoo.com.cn, cchinalodger1@163.com, dxuyuhua@ncu.edu.cn Keywords: shielding effectiveness; cement- based materials; carbon black; carbon fiber Abstract.
Carbon series materials as a shielding medium in cement based electromagnetic shielding materials have been reported in these years [3,4,5], but different conclusions were obtained.
Materials and Methods Materials.
The carbon fiber (PAN-based, 6-10μm diameter, 4-5 mm length) was from ShangHai Hongcheng Carbon Materials Corp.
Bulle Vol .31(1996),p.857 [10] Jingyao CAO,D.D.L.Chung: Cem and Con Res Vol.33 (2003),p.1739 [11] Jingyao Cao,D.D.L.Chung: Carbon Vol. 41 (2003),p.2434 [12] Yue Zhang, Rentao Zhi, Fengwu Zhu, Jimei XIAO,Runzhang Yuan and Shixi Ouyang: Chinese journal of materials research Vol .6(1992), p. 286, In Chinese

Introduction Since the mid-1980s, the processing of Functionally Gradient Materials(FGMs) and structures has become an academic interest.
The feedstock materials are delivered by argon gas(99.999%) injected through a coaxial powder feeding nozzle(Fig.1) and deposited at a rate of 500mm/min in order to prevent heavy oxidization.
Mazumder: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol. 509 (2009), p. 98-104 [3] Q.X.
Huang: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol. 391 (2005), p. 325-336 [5] M.L.
Chen, et al.: Chinese Journal of Lasers Vol. 32 (2005), p. 567-570.

The laws of crack initiation and propagation were also studied when a ball indenter was used to indent brittle materials [13].
Suzuki: Journal of Material Processing Technology, 121(2002), pp. 363
Finnie: Journal of Materials Science, Vol.15 (1980), pp. 2580
Swain: Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 10 (1975) No.1, pp.113
Wilshaw: Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 10 (1975) No.6, pp.1049