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Preferably, the deformation resistance model is validated with experimental data, for example from tensile tests or laboratory mini-mills.
However, any data, limitations, figures and / or product windows mentioned in this article are solely used and meant for explanatory purposes and do not reflect the actual figures of any HSM or CSM at TSN.
Validation of these models is executed, if available, by means of: · laboratory data, e.g. tensile test, preferably at reasonably high strain rates; · data from laboratory mini mills; · historical plant data (if available) from previous trials and / or other hot strip mills; · comparing the results with relevant, well-known reference grades, e.g. comparison of a DP800 grade with DP600 and / or DP1000 grades.
This is due to the variation in incoming CSM gauge; e.g. 60 % reduction of a 6.0 mm incoming HSM gauge to 2.4 mm final gauge – 3.6 mm draft – is more demanding than 60 % reduction of a 3.0 mm incoming HSM gauge to 1.2 mm final gauge – 1.8 mm draft.
Rolling forces & powers required for new products, using properly validated material models with help of laboratory data, are usually predicted within ±10 % error margin and strip temperatures within ±10 °C.

IN THIS RESEARCH WORK, THREE DIES WERE USED WITH DIAMETER SIZE REDUCTION OF 12:2, 8:4 AND 4:2.
Reliable data of forming force and deformation can be obtained only if the frictional conditions on the active surfaces of the subsystem "component surface/tool surface" are determined from experimentally obtained values of frictional forces and by the partial coefficients of friction of the metal forming process [3].
Dimensions of extrusion die are selected such that the size reductions are 12:2, 8:4 and 4:2.
Area reduction was more, friction factor value increased for 12:2 die.
From this for maximum reduction ratio die has high friction values.

The monitored data over one year have proved that this build can generate the electricity more than its energy demand.
This resulted in energy reduction.
Figure 6: High efficient computer unit, Ultrabook Electricity Generation The data recorded showed that after above modifications, the energy consumption of this building has been changed from 98.60 kWh per day (35,988 kWh per year) to 60 kWh per day (21,921 kWh per year).
The data have been monitored instantly and accumulatively as shown in Fig. 7.
Although it may occasionally generate energy less than its demand such as in a cloudy day, the accumulated energy since the data record has been launched, has obviously proved the concept of “ net zero energy building”.

The data show that the addition of S-carvone to β-cyclodextrin results in a decrease of o-Ps lifetime that we ascribe to a reduction of free volume holes from 81.8 to 63.7 Å3.
Lifetimes and intensities for α- β- and γCDs ( γ-CD and ‚ older γ-CD) and βCD/SCrv vs time in hours of data-taking .
Since both γ-CDs sample are old ones, probably the reduction and the unexpected values observed for t3 must be related to the sort of adsorption of some “impurities” with time, a process that affects the older sample the most.
This behavior agrees well with the reduction of the free volume in the hollow truncated cone shape of the β-CD due to the inclusion of the S-Crv guest molecule.
The reduction of τ3 in β-CD/S-Crv indicates to what extent the S-Carvone fills the β-CD holes.

The first column represents the R2 data, the second column the numerical data, the third and the fourth column the experimental data (the third for the first experiment and the fourth for the second experiment) whereas the final column represents the mean between the data reported in the column Point 1 and Point 1 bis.
Taking into account the numerical data and the experimental data, calculating the regression straight line, approximated with a third order polynomial, of the mean obtained considering all the experimental data, it is possible to obtain a graphic that summarizes the previous information, like it is reported in Figure 8.
Analyzing the experimental data, it is evident a rupture condition in the fourth position (Point 4) for R2=13,98.
In this case there are not relevant data because of the ruptures at the initial phase of the hydroforming process.
In this case there are not relevant data because of the ruptures at the initial phase of the hydroforming process.

Therefore, numerical method is used for the research of the influence of six kinds of sun visors differenced by shapes or layouts on the aerodynamic drag reduction.
Moreover, compared to the original one, the CD values of each case have different degrees of reduction which illustrates that an appropriate shape and layout of a sun visor benefits the air drag reduction, the largest decline is 4.7%.
Introduction For resistance reduction case of a truck, many domestic and foreign scholars have had comprehensive and thorough studies.
Models and sun visor layouts The real data of a domestic mass-production heavy-duty truck is used as the computational model, which is simplified using modeling software CATIA and pre-processing software Hypermesh.
（a）Case 1 （b）Case 2 Fig.7 Streamlines along the side of cab in case 1 and 2 shown in the horizontal plane Z=1.55m Conclusions In this study, the coefficients CD of all the six modified cases have varying degrees of reduction compared with the original case, it can be judged that the sun visor is effective for reducing aerodynamic drag.

Introduction Facing the pressing situation of the policy of energy-saving and emission-reduction, recycle economy may be the inevitable choice which can pull us out of the slough of the resource shortage and environment pollution.
Cleaner production of an undependable project is currently the main practical form of the recycle economy in China, while the policy of energy-saving and emission-reduction has not been fully implemented beyond the regional level.
Unfortunately, since the approaches of accessing the statistical data were limited, the index of TDMI was replaced by that of direct input (index ①).
The detailed flows of the assessment were listed as follows: l Check out the resource input and the product output of the park, and analyze the recycling situation of the waste by applying the form of the I/O table; l Draw the MFA map of the park according to the statistical data; l Calculate the indices ①, ②, ③.
The map of the MFA in the Industrial Park of Recycle Economy can be figured out in Fig. 1, which was made up according to the collection of statistical data of Tongling City.

According to the research data and achievements home and abroad, this paper puts forward the practical seismic design process and method of RC frame structure retrofitted by FRP, to promote the application of FRP in the field of RC frame retrofitting.
Firstly, structure analysis model is set up according to the structure design drawings and site test data, then checking calculation of structure elastic capacity is conducted under Small Earthquake, and retrofitting the components whose bearing capacity does not satisfy requirement.
The concrete shear capacity reduction factor in the plastic hinge zone on the column end Seismic grade Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Concrete shear reduction factor 0.7 0.7 0.6 0 Seismic retrofitting design of joint Joint includes a joint core zone between frame beam and column intersection and adjacent the core region of the beam end and column end.
The values of the seismic subentry coefficient after the reduction based on this table shall be determined by the existing specifications.
Seismic Adjustment Coefficient of Different Follow-up Service Life Follow-up Service Life [year] 10 20 30 40 50 Seismic Adjustment Coefficient 0.37 0.59 0.75 0.88 1.0 Conclusions Based on the analysis of existing research data, a reasonable, well-organized seismic design flow of RC frame structure retrofitted by FRP conforming to the design of the general habits was put forward, which emphasizes the coordination between ductility and seismic performance of the overall structure.

The scenarios are generated using the forecasted data, mean and standard deviation of the forecast error at every time stage and lie within a certain known probabilistic confidence interval.
The sampling of random processes results in scenarios, which represent the future realizations of the uncertainties and are generated using the forecast data, mean and standard deviation of the forecast error which cover the 90% probabilistic confidence interval.
Assume that S denotes the scenarios in the initial set with a probability distribution P, denotes dimensional stochastic data process with parameter set .
The optimal choice of J for scenario reduction is given by the solution of the optimal reduction problem: (3) Two main algorithms are mainly used in scenario reduction: backward reduction algorithm and forward selection algorithm [6].
The numbers of step of shift operator is decided between several numerical data based on a certain probability.

By using Rist operating line for the indirect reduction zone, as seen in Fig.2, direct reduction degree of the new process can be calculated, and thus indirect reduction degree can be obtained.
Fig.3 Algorithm for solving full oxygen blast furnace mathematical model Fig.2 Rist operating line for the indirect reduction Fig. 4 Influence of hearth-recycle gas quantity on theoretical combustion temperature Theoretical Analysis of Model Results Data Used in the Model.
In this study, data used in the model are derived from a real operating blast furnace in China.
Set (VRG-h, VRG-s ) as (380, 357) and (187, 550) m3/thm, respectively, and keep other data unchanged.
Table 7 Results derived from different VRG-h data value data value VRG-h 380 550 VRG-h 380 550 direct reduction degree 0.16 0.16 CO in top gas (v%) 50.6 50.6 blast volume (99.2% O2) (m3/thm) 207.7 207.7 CO2 in top gas (v%) 37.0 37.0 gas volume in hearth (m3/thm) 813.1 983.1 H2 in top gas (v%) 7.3 7.3 gas volume in belly (m3/thm) 890.7 1060.7 H2O in top gas (v%) 2.8 2.8 gas volume in lower shaft (m3/thm) 1247.7 1247.7 N2 in top gas (v%) 2.3 2.3 gas volume at top (m3/thm) 1285.8 1285.8 volume of output gas (m3/thm) 590.7 590.7 Conclusions (1) A new comprehensive mathematical model of full oxygen blast furnace with top recycle gas heated by gasifier is established.