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The increase of the reaction temperature will decrease the number of the crystal nucleus.
The specific surface area and grain size of these powders are shown in Fig. 4.
The grain size increases with the increase of the concentration of TiOSO4.
The existence of [H +] will hinder the process of nucleation, so the increase of concentration of [H +] will decreases the number of the crystal nucleus.
The grant number is 50472094.

The microstructure after warm rolling shows elongated grains with high density of dislocation.
However, after electropulsing rolling, microstructure is much finer, shows some fine grains and sub-grains with lower density of dislocations.
After warm rolling, grains were elongated along the rolling direction, the grain boundary became blurry and the twins fragmented.
During electropulsing rolling, with the aid of electropulsing, the number of piling-up dislocations decreased and the number of mobile dislocations increased.
Therefore, the densities of dislocations reduced and some sub-grains were developed.

It was equiaxed or dendrite structure with grain size of 20～40μm.
Ti and C distribute evenly along grain boundaries and grains.
Grain refiner can refine grains and improve ingot quality, so it is an indispensable key material in aluminum casting[5-7].
Primary grain size ranges between 10~200μm.
Development of Al-Ti-C grain refiners containing TiC.

There were a lager number of dimples on the fracture surface,and the joints obviously present the characteristic of transgranular fracture.
When the beam current was increased to 17mA, the joints softened and the grain coarsened, so the joint strength decreased.
The fracture location of the joint is in the heat affected zone, the grains of heat-affected zone and the strengthening phase within the grains were became coarser affected by the welding thermal cycle.
A large plastic deformation occurs in the grains during ensile deformation process.
The weld undercut would occur with the electron beam current exceeded 16mA. 3） There were a lager number of dimples on the fracture surface,and the joints obviously present the characteristic of transgranular fracture.

Results and Discussion Measurement for Materials with Fine Grains.
The material of the specimen is S45C as a material with fine grains.
(a) Measured diffraction angle (b) Coarse grain going through gauge volume Fig. 4: Strain scanning method of material with coarse grains using 2D detector.
As shown in Fig. 4 (a), the number of diffraction spots obtained was only eight because of the coarse grains.
In the DSTM, the role of the gauge volume is to determine the centre of the crystal grain.

In Fig. 2, the pure TiO2 film has a continuous and uniform sheet microstructure and is composed of TiO2 nano-grains with an average grain size about 20nm.
They are likely the congeries of the rutile of TiO2 crystalline grains.
Nevertheless, the surface is rough because of these bigger grains.
The photo-catalytic activity depends strongly on the concentration of doping ions and the film layer numbers.
But the layer numbers are important as well.

Truncation error analysis.For the accuracy of the solution, a minimum number of base functions is necessary.
This analysis proved that the drying rate increases with increasing number of pauses.
b) Application to drying of rice grains with husk.
In addition, the drying rate increases with increasing number of pauses.A diffusion model was proposed to describe continuous and intermittent drying of rice grains with husk.
[2] M.J.Milman,Equipments for pre-processing of grain.

In some cases, simple relationships could be established between L and the grain size, or other microstructural features.
This parameter, which we call the critical distance, can be used in a number of different ways to predict the local conditions of stress, or stress intensity, necessary for failure.
There is also a simple relationship between L and grain size in this case: fig.4 shows L values for one steel alloy, heat treated to give six different grain sizes [8] .
At the other extreme, concrete showed an L value of 10.5mm [11], similar to the size of grains (aggregate) in this material.
Predictions using the TCD (PM and LM). 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 50 100 150 200 250 Grain Size (µm) L (µm) Figure 4: Critical distance L as a function of grain size: analysis using the PM, taking experimental data from [8].

The evolution of the structures with number of ARB cycle was examined and discussed in this investigate. 1.
Physically, a small amount of recrystallization grains were found near grain boundaries and twin grains.
Structure of Mg layer after first cycle contains large-deformation grains, twin grains and recrystallization, fig.3.a.
In addition, the hardness was raised, due to dislocation formed in the grains and grain refinement.
Due to dislocation formed in the grains and grain refinement.

It has been reported that during severe plastic deformation, localized slip followed by dynamic recovery results into refined grains with high density of high angle grain boundaries in the primary coarse grains.
However, the extent of grain refining by this technique is limited (upto 200 nm) and further reduction in grain size is very difficult.
TEM observations also showed the formation of refined grains with high or low angle grain boundaries within the coarse grains.
Therefore, pile up of dislocations near these grain boundaries, could lead to grain boundary sliding and grain rotation resulting in increase in ductility.
Number Fraction Number Fraction (a) (b) Fig.3 EBSD pattern of grain misorientation angle for (a) 95% cryo rolled Cu + 175 oC HT; (b) 95% cryo rolled Cu + 225 oC HT.