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Basic assumptions.Being satisfied with the conditions of the calculation accuracy and making correct conclusions, basic assumptions to simplify the calculation are as follows: 1.The materials are homogeneous and isotropic, 2.The soil is considered as the perfect elastic-plastic material, 3.Ignores the stiffness change caused by diaphragm wall segmental construction, 4.Steel and concrete supports are considered as linear elastic materials.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Shaanxi Natural Science Foundation (2007E232), and Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education natural science research project (08JK334).
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Material and experimental methods The studies were carried out on a commercial grade SAE52100 bearing steel.
Hamada, Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan, Vol. 51 (2002), pp. 918-925 Fig. 4 Shape and dimensions of non-propagating crack obtained by successive polishing (a) Defect A 2a = 65 µm b =15 µm Specimen surface b =346 µm 2a = 961 µm Specimen surface 2a = 476 µm A A´ b =209 µm Specimen surface Axial direction (b) Defect B (c) Smooth specimen Fig.3 Non-propagating cracks (c) Smooth specimen τa = 600 MPa (constant), σm = -1000 MPa, N = 1×107 (a) Defect A τa =540 MPa → 400 MPa, σm = -1200 MPa, N = 9.84×107 (b) Defect B τa =600 MPa → 460 MPa, σm = -1200 MPa, N = 5.28×107 20 µm 2a = 65 µm 2a = 961 µm Axial direction τa -decreasing τa = 540 MPa τa = 400 MPa 2a = 476 µm 20 µm τa = 600 MPa τa -decreasing τa = 460 MPa 50 µm [5] Y.
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Murakami, Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan, Vol. 55 (2006), pp. 719-725 Acknowledgement This work was partially supported by funds from the Central Research Institute of Fukuoka University (No. 081501).

The major objective is reducing material wear and increasing the lifetime of mechanical.
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Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the support by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50575183) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20080441191).
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For materials with the existing cracks, it is possible to propagation of cracks when the increasing stress reaches fracture criticality.
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The length of surplus edge materials is cj using Oj . aij and cj have set value when the cutting pattern Oj is given.
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Tensile Properties of Squeeze Cast Mg-Al-Sr alloy under Applied Pressures Li Fang, Henry Hu* and Shuping Wang Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave.
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Oktay, Production and characterisation of Cr-Si-Ni-Mo steel foams, Indiana Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences (2011), vol. 18, pp. 227-232
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Support material is made of steel: 40CMD8+S.
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