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These results indicate as following: (1) The formation of graphite chips is greatly similar to that of ceramic and other typical brittle materials.
In step (a), the work materials ahead of the rake face and tool tips are cracked into fine particles, which accumulate easily on the tool-work interface.
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China aemail: cjzhu@imu.edu.cn Keywords: CIAS nanocrystals; CIASSe thin film; Ink coating; Selenization; Solar cell materials Abstract.
To address the cost issues, efforts have been made to take an alternative approach to depositing CIAS material.
Chen: Journal of Physical Chemistry B Vol. 110 (2006), p. 17370 [9] I.
Guillen: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells Vol. 94 (2010), p.1263
[11] Dung-Ching Perng, Jhin-Wei Chen and Chyi-Jeng Wu: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells Vol. 95 (2011), p. 257

Introduction SLS/SLM is one of the layer-wise material addition techniques that allow generating complex 3D parts by selectively consolidating successive layers of powder material on top of each other, using thermal energy supplied by a focused and computer controlled laser beam[1].
Contours represent the boundaries of solid material within a layer, and are defined by polylines.
O’Neill: Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 37 (2002), p. 3093
Lauwers: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 149 (2004), p. 616 [4] I.
Smurov: Applied Surface Science, Vol. 253 (2007), p. 8064

The waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) accelerates the consumption of the raw materials and energy, which causes a more serious resources waste and the worse environment.
The value materials, parts and products of waste electrical appliances can be regenerated after remanufacturing which is the key link that produce value in reverse logistics system[3].
They have built a production line for the waste CRT television recovery to reduce the raw materials consumption, and that can decrease the operation cost and improves the material utilization rate, finally, increases the enterprise competitive advantage.
The materials could not be used but there is still have value of remanufacturing can be handed over to the material manufacturer.
International Journal of Production Economics 79, 67–73

During the machining, coating materials play crucial roles which include forming isolated layers between tools and processed materials, lower thermal shock and decrease frictional force and coefficient [6].
In the machining process, coating of the tool could form isolated layers between tools and processed materials, lower thermal shock and decrease frictional force and coefficient.
[2] W L Zheng: Manufacturing of Difficult to Cut Materials (National defence of Industry Press, Beijing 2008) [3] R Y Chen: Principles of Metal Cutting (China Machine Press, Beijing 2005)
[5] R Wang, J Liu, X B Wang et al: Journal of Tool engineering Vol.39 (2005), p.25-27
[6] Y S Ren, G R Hua: Journal of Machine Building and Automation Vol.34 (2005), p.19-22.

As specific energies rise due to increased rubbing, so does FN/FT, with values over FN/FT~8 common and values of FN/FT>20 possible in very difficult-to-grind materials under non-aggressive grinding conditions.
In numerous grinding scenarios – ranging from ductile to brittle materials and Al2O3 to diamond abrasives – dull grits inevitably lead to greater rubbing energies and higher heat generation [1].
[5] Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, 1752-1772
Krajnik, Geometric, kinematical and thermal analyses of non-round cylindrical grinding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 214/4 (2014) 818-827
Kopac, Modelling of grinding gap macro geometry and workpiece kinematics in throughfeed centreless grinding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 210/1 (2010) 104-109

The radiative properties of Er3+ red luminescence have been extensively studied and used in the development of materials for light emitting diodes (LED’s) highly useful in the visible spectral region.
In general, the optical and spectroscopic properties are strongly dependent on host materials.
The raw mixed materials were melted in a muffle furnace in air (at 1150 0C for 40 min).
The high values of stimulated emission cross-section suggest that the prepared glasses are potential candidates for the laser host materials and for low threshold, high gain applications. 4.
Optical properties of bismuth borate glasses, Optical Materials 26(3) (2004) 235-237

The process can be divided into six major categories:(a)cement based binders;(b)lime based binders; (c)adsorbents; (d)thermoplastic materials; (e)thermosetting polymers; (f)vitrification.
First, pickling sludge can be directly used in the production process as raw materials or other materials; second, recovering the metal elements in the sludge.
Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Pretoria: University of Pretoria, 2005 [2] B.
Bjorkman: Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, Vol.34(2005),p. 31 [6] Yide Zhao, Peng Zhang and Zhichao Wu: Environmental Engineering, Vol.20(2002),p.47. in Chinese [7] R.
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Introduction In iron based materials, Steel C1045 is widely used as a structural steel.
Materials and experimental procedures Experimental Materials.
We select Steel C1045 as the iron based materials.
The advantage of this system is most manifest in the following aspects. 1): The surface of the materials is smoother.
Journal of Materials Science and Engineering.

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