Search results

The number and the size of the recrystallized grains generally increase as the annealing temperature increases.
The total number of grains used for this calculation were as follows: 2663 grains at 790°C, 1144 grains at 850°C, 1037 grains at 900°C and 954 grains at 950°C.
The number of grain boundaries used for the calculation was 650 and 512 for Goss and {111}<112> orientations, respectively.
Consequently, {111}<112> grains have a much higher frequency of high angle grain boundaries than Goss grains.
Average grain diameter of grains with various orientations with annealing temperature during the progress of grain growth.

Based on the studies of superplastic grain growth mechanism, the superplastic grain growth rate equation are derived in this paper by coupling static state anneal grain growth mechanism and deformation stimulated grain growth mechanism.
Static state anneal grain growth mechanism and dynamic grain growth mechanism or forming stimulate grain growth mechanism are mainly ways in grain growth of superplastic forming, and the forming stimulate grain growth is the mostly form in superplastic deformation [2].
For each cell, we can select randomly an integer as microcosmic tropism in Q�Q>1�number.
Therefore the total energy of the whole system is ( )11 1 1 2 i j i n m n s s s i j i J E Hδ = = = = − +∑∑ ∑ �3-8� where the first item is the general crystal boundary energy, the secondly is the general shaping energy, isH is the shaping energy of Si crystal lattice, E is the system energy, n is crystal lattice numbers in system and m is the number of vicinity nodes.
The images indicate that the grain grow up with the forming process, some grain was reduced and swallowed up finally by surrounding grains.

However, in the case of the CBN grain tool, the glass plate is broken and the tool often fractures at drilling number of 1 hole.
The diamond grain tool is 100 times as drilling number as the CBN grain tool.
Figure 4 shows the relationship between the number of grain and the grain density.
The number of grain counts all grain in the circle of a diameter of 1mm.
The number of grain increases with decreasing average grain diameter.

When the grain boundaries are sufficiently weak, the CM lies entirely on grain boundaries, while when the grain boundaries are strong, cleavage occurs.
Although the CM algorithm can operate on digitized experimental microstructures, simulated Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 microstructures were used to allow a consistent 3D representation and to ensure equivalence between specimens.
(b) For ε = 0.4, the CM cleaves large grains and follows the boundaries of small grains.
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 5 In the mixed regime, the CM cleaves unfavorably oriented grains and goes around favorably oriented grains.
Conclusions A number of material properties depend on the characteristics of the three-dimensional grain boundary network.

The color represents the grain number gi.
This number is given at random between 1 and 50 for each grain on nucleation, and remains while growing.
The value of R is calculated as follows: there are Nx grids on a constant-y line, and the number of grids where Si fi 2 < 0.5 is counted as grain boundary site.
The total number divided by Nx is defined as R.
Large value in R indicates that many fine grains distribute, whereas small R indicates small number of coarse grain exists.

It is considered that the contact stiffness between the grinding wheel and the workpiece depends on the number of the abrasive grains in contact with the workpiece and the support stiffness of a single abrasive grain.
Since the grinding wheel consists of abrasive grains and bond bridges, it is considered that the contact stiffness depends on the number of the abrasive grains in contact with the workpiece and a support stiffness of a single abrasive grain.
If the number of the abrasive grains in contact with the workpiece can be estimated, and the support stiffness of a single abrasive grain can be obtained, the theoretical contact stiffness can be calculated.
To calculate the number of abrasive grains in contact area, the abrasive grains density per unit area on the wheel surface is needed.
The number of abrasive grains on the wheel surface can therefore be estimated by multiplying the number of cutting points by 1/2.

The a-N curve showed that crack length list is MG>LG >SG under a same cycle number.
In terms of SG alloy, grains with a size smaller than 20μm possess the majority and only a small number of grains exceed the upper size.
The FCP curves (crack length versus cycle numbers, a-N) of the alloys are shown in Fig. 6(a).
On the meantime, the curves have clear disparity of cycle numbers at same crack lengths due to different grain sizes.
Apparently, to reach a same crack length, SG alloy needs larger cycle numbers.

Both, chemical (precipitations, phases) and physical (dislocations, high-angle grain boundaries, grain size, low-angle grain boundaries) inhomogeneities characterize the microstructure of this commercially used Al-Mg-Si alloy.
This is caused by the introduction of physical (high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, dislocations) and/or chemical (phases) inhomogeneities leading to local differences in the potentials.
After the deformation, the material state is referred to "as UFG" combined with the used processing route and number of extrusions (e.g.
Although almost at the border between the standard deviation (≤ 26 %), the slight increase of the polarization resistance by the number of ECA-extrusions can be stated.
Compared to the CG counterpart, the corrosion damage of the UFG microstructure exhibits significantly weaker attacks (~ 50 % less deep pits) with increasing numbers of ECAextrusions.

Every lattice cell represents one part of a grain and is marked with a grain identification number.
The smallest abnormal grains were measured and defined as the grain size limiting normal and abnormal grains.
The area of each grain at a given time step is directly calculated from the microstructure by counting the number of cells within a grain.
In order to define a relation for conversion of simulation time, in CAS, to the real time in seconds the common definition is stated (9), where dcell stands for the simulation lattice constant and q is the number of different orientations (grain identifications) at the beginning of the simulation process [5, 8, 13].
Evaluation of grain sizes limiting normal and abnormal grains.

deformation mechanisms, grain boundaries, grain boundary sliding Abstract.
Numbers in the curves captions stand for the number of ECA-pressings and the strain path is designated as Bc A common feature of the strain-stress behavior of SPD-manufactured metals is that the ultimate strength is reached shortly after yielding.
Typical cyclic stress-strain curves for ECAP Fe-36Ni (a) after different number of ECA-pressings (double-logarithmic coordinates) and for ECAP Cu-0.36Cr (b) after different processing routes (linear coordinates).
Figure 8 illustrates both the fine dislocation slip relief in the grain interior and coarse surface displacement along the grain boundary.
Grain boundary Grain boundary sliding Slip lines Slip lines T.A. 0 0 100 20 100 200 200 300 300 400 400 500 [nm] Grain boundary Grain boundary sliding Slip lines Slip lines Fig.8.