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A variety of possible materials and structures could be potentially used to reduce processing costs which is highly attractive for large scale production of solar cells.
Controlling the morphology and surface chemistry of nanomaterials remains a key challenge that has major knock-on effects in devices.
The performance of hybrid solar cells depends on the ability to control material and interface structure at the nanometer length scale.
The ability to control film morphology, molecular structure, and electronic interaction between polymers and nanocrystals is vital in hybrid solar cell devices.
Summary In summary, a complete control over nanocrystal chemistry, morphology and geometry is prerequisite before it is truly competitive in next generation solar cell devices.

Controlled Synthesis Of Core-Shell Structure Sio2 /Nagdf4:Eu3+ Magnetic And Optical Bifunctional Composite Yanli Wua, MinLiaob, Hanxin Dingc, Ruchun Yangd, Dandan Xionge, Qiang Xiao*f Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University,Nanchang, P.R.China ae-mail：wanny118@126.com, be-mai：191889585 @qq.com, ce-mail:dinghaixin 2010@163.com, de-mai:ouyangruchun@163.com ee-mai: 1024975163 @qq.com, fe-mail: xiaoqiang@tsinghua.org.cn Key words: core/shell, magnetic, optical, composite, SiO2 /NaGdF4:Eu3+ Abstract: The SiO2/NaGdF4:Eu3+ core/shell composite was prepared by a template -mediated method, making monodispersed SiO2 as core and NaGdF4:Eu colloids as shell, the morphology and the core-shell structure of the resulting particles were analyzed by SEM，X-ray diffraction, and the photo-luminescence and magnetic properties of the microspheres were investigated too.
Introdution In recent years, there has been great interesting in developing nano/micro materials with controlled size, shape and structure.[1,2]It is well known that controlling the size, structure, and shape of inorganic nano/micro structures is of fundamental and technological importance because of the strong correlation between these parameters and their chemical/physical characteristics such as magnetic, luminescent and electronic properties.[3,4] Rare Earth (RE3+) doped nano/micro materials have versatile utility in biological applications because of their unique electronic and optical properties based on the 4f electrons.
The core/shell structure composite have a near perfect spherical shape with narrow size distribution, are not agglomerated.
Ma, Hollow structured upconversion luminescent NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ nanospheres for cell imaging and targeted anti-cancer drug delivery, Biomaterials. 34 (2013) 1601-1612
Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion nanocrystals.

Cavaleiroc Chemistry Department, CICECO, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
These results indicate that the novel complex still retains the Keggin structure.
The split was larger when a lanthanide cation was bound in the POM structure than in the case of the CoW11Co anion.
Coronado: Coordination Chemistry Reviews Vol. 193-195 (1999) 361
Nogueira: Metal Clusters in Chemistry (Eds.

The result showed that the XRD pattern indicated the Anadara granosa shell have crystalline structure of CaCO3 in Aragonite phase, while chitosan powder which extract from Anadara granosa shell has amorphous-crystalline structure.
For the mineralogy and crystal structure which characterized by a powder X-ray diffractometer.
EDXRF spectra of the chitosan powder From the analytical result with XRD as shown in Fig 3(a) and 3(b) the XRD patterns of the AD-PD sample in Fig 3(a) has crystalline structure in phase of aragonite, a common form of CaCO3 mineral.
This indicated an amorphous structure and corresponding with the Poly-β-D-glucosamine iodide [5].
[4] Dutta, P.K., Dutta, J. and Tripathi, V.S., 2004, Chitin and chitosan: Chemistry, properties and applications, Journal of Scientific & Industrial research., 63, 20-31

The MnO2/Zeolite NaY Catalyzed Oxidation of CO Emission in Catalytic Converter System ENDANG Purwanti Setyaningsih1,3,a*, RAHADIAN Abdul Rachman1,3,b, ULVA Tri Ita Martia1,3,c, ALVIN Rahmad Widyanto1,3,d, RENDY Muhammad Iqbal2,3,e and NURUL Widiastuti1,3,f 1Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia 2Department of Chemistry, Universitas Palangkaraya, Palangkaraya 73112, Indonesia 3Material Chemistry and Energy Laboratory, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember,Surabaya, Indonesia.
Characteristic of Surface Area and Pore Structure The result of N2 adsorption-desorption was shown Figure 6, it shows that zeolite NaY has isotherm of type I.
The appearing of two type isotherm on catalyst materials due to it was the combination from two materials which different pore structure [15].
The volume structure has directly correlation with surface area, the higher volume structure will increase the surface area.
We also thank to Material Chemistry and Energy's Laboratory of Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember for providing research facility.

The result of this is the creation of a more durable and hydrolytically stable composite structure from unused flax and cotton waste.
This makes it difficult to form hydrogen bonds and create a strong composite structure.
Sviridov, The chemical composition and method utilization of production waste cotton and linen fibers, Chemistry of plant raw material 3 (2017) 211–220,  https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2017031492
Leonovich, Laboratory work on the chemistry of wood and cellulose, Moscow, 1991 320, http://bookre.org/reader?
Sjöström, Wood chemistry fundamentals and applications, Academic press: New York, USA, 1981 231, https://www.twirpx.com/file/146956/

Until now, various ZnO primary nanostructures such as nanowires, nanorods, nanobelts, nanotubes, nanosheets, nanocombs, and hierarchical structures composed by various primary structures [1], have been fabricated.
The properties and applications induced by the shape and size of various ZnO structures are very attractive.
In the field of gas sensors, ZnO spherical structures have been proven to be very promising candidates.
All diffraction peaks are in good agreement with hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure (JCPDS No. 36-1451).
Stamm, Recent developments in fabrication and applications of colloid based composite particles, Journal of Materials Chemistry 21 (2011) 615–627

The dependence of the reduced viscosity of copolyarylene ether ketones on the chemical structure of diols and the conditions for copolycondensation is studied.
It was shown that the structure of diols and the order of their introduction into the polycondensation reaction affect the reduced viscosity, impact strength, and temperature characteristics of copolyarylene ether ketones.
Of particular interest in the synthesis of aromatic copolyesters of various structures is the question of the order in which the reagents are loaded into the reaction vessel.
Khashirova, Synthesis and properties of polyetheretherketones for 3D-printing, Fibre Chemistry. 49 (2018) 414-419
Beeva, et al., Aromatic Copolyether Ether Ketones Derived From Hydroquinone, Fibre Chemistry. 49 (2018) 411-413

Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Synthesized from Trichoderma Harzianum Against Clavibacter Michiganensis Asma Noshad1,a*, Mudassar Iqbal2,b, Laura Folkers 3,c, Crispin Hetherington4,d, Aamir Khan5,e, Muhammad Numan6,f and Saleem Ullah7,g 1,3,4Lund University, Department of Chemistry, nCHREM & Centre for Analysis and Synthesis 1,2,6,7Dept. of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan 5 Dept. of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Sweden a*asma.noshad@chem.lu.se, bmudassariqbal@aup.edu.pk, claura.folkers@chem.lu.se, dcrispin.hetherington@chem.lu.se, eaamirkhan_181@yahoo.com,fnuman.dawezai@gmail.com, gsaleemagrichemist@aup.edu.pk Keywords: Green synthesis, T.
This study aims to synthesize the silver nanoparticles via a green chemistry route using mycellial aqueous extract of agriculturally beneficial fungi Trichoderma harzianum.
The results obtained from the XRD pattern (Figure 06 below) which suggest the presence of crystalline structure of AgNPs with an average size of 14.76 nm are in good agreement with HrTEM data .
Figure 6: (a-b) Represents electron micrographs of monodispersed AgNPs with a variation in particle size around 3-20 nm under different magnification power, fig 6c shows a lattice image corresponding to the 110 projection of the Ag fcc lattice .figure 6.d. represent diffraction ring pattern recorded from many AgNPs which also indicates the fcc structure.
XRD pattern for the synthesized AgNPs from the fungal extract of T. harzianum is illustrated in figure 7 showing face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure.

., Uzbekistan 3Bukhara Engineering Technology Institute, Department of Chemistry, Bukhara, 200100, K.
Chemistry and chemical technology.
Molecular structure,functionality and applications of oxidized starches: A review.
Food Chemistry. 2017 Apr;221:1546-1559.
Functional, physico-chemical properties and structure of cross-linked oxidized maize starch, Food Hydrocolloids 36 (2014) 45-52