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Research on Chloride Diffusion Model in Pre-stressed Concrete With Sulfate Attack Ronggui Liu1, a, Jing Li1, b, Huan Li1, c 1Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, 301, Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, P.
In practical engineering, concrete often always suffer from combined action of two or more damage factors, such as environmental temperature changes and material characteristics.
Model Validation and Engineering Example.
(5) Fitting curve can fit well with engineering data.
Kong, Experimental study on permeability of hydraulic concrete and diffusion of chlorions and their correlation, Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering. 12 (2009) 188-192

Sudargo1,c, Sunarto Kaleg2,d 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia 2Research Center for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia a*kuncorodiharjo@ft.uns.ac.id, bdjoksus@uns.ac.id, cpetrusatw@gmail.com, dsuna021@lipi.go.id Keywords: Vibration-damping factor; Hybrid composite; Glass fiber; Kenaf fiber; Polyester.
References [1] Mustafa: Eksperimental Study of Vibration on Composite Beam Reinforced Glass Fiber, in Proc. of The 9th Annual National Seminar on Mechanical Engineering (SNTTM) 2010, pp. 145–150
W.D.: Materials Science and Engineering An Introduction, Seven Edit.
Conf. on Advances in Industrial and Production Engineering, 2011
[15] Naghipour M., Mehrzadi M., Taheri F. and Zhou G.P.: Polynomial correction function for half-power bandwidth (HPB) method of damping of glulam beams reinforced with e-glass reinforced epoxy polymer (GRP), Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36(2):241-252, 2009

., Department of Civil & Water Resources Engineering, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan R.O.C.
Poulos: Piles subjected to lateral soil movements, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 123 (1997), p. 802-811
Poulos: Raked piles-virtues and drawbacks, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (ASCE), Vol. 132 (2006), p. 795-803
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 117 (1991), p. 448-466
Sitharam: Nonlinear finite-element modeling of batter piles under lateral load, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 127 (2001), p. 604-612.

Influence of Cobalt Addition on Microstructure and Damping Properties of Cu-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloys WEE Ying Ci1,a, Hamidreza GHANDVAR2,b, Tuty Asma ABU BAKAR3,c*, Esah HAMZAH4,d 1,2,3,4Department of Materials, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Therefore, besides the shape memory properties of SMAs, damping capacity is also a functional property that is needed to study to explore more applications, such as seismic and civil applications [2-4].
[2] Fu, H., et al., Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2016. 650: p. 218-224
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2008. 478(1): p. 48-55
Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences, 2017. 11: p. 27702-2779

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) gave the following figure as one of the bases to judge whether a TER is needed.
On both new and existing roads, engineering judgement is required to determine the location of TERs.
Crash experience (or, for new facilities, crash experience on similar facilities) and truck operations on the grade combined with engineering judgment are frequently used to determine the need for a TER.
Practical engineering experiences have proved that a TER should be set: On continuous downgrade or steep grade sections prior to small radius curve.
Journal of Transportation Engineering，1997，10 [2] Truck Escape Ramps [M].

Odour Intensity Assessment at Different Area of a Palm Oil Mill Using Olfactometry Method NURASHIKIN YAACOF1,a, NASTAEIN QAMARUZ ZAMAN2,b* and YUSRI YUSOP3,c 1,2School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2Solid Waste Management Cluster, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia 3School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia ashikinyaacof88@gmail.com, bcenastaein@usm.my, cyusriyp@gmail.com Keywords: Odour, palm oil mill, olfactometry, intensity, offensiveness Abstract.
Characteristics of volatile fatty acids in stored dairy manure before and after anaerobic digestion, Biosystems Engineering 118 (2014) 16-28
Methane gas production from palm oil wastewater — An anaerobic Methanogenic degradation process in continuous stirrer suspended closed anaerobic reactor, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 45 (2014) 896-900
High rate fermentative hydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket-fixed film reactor, chemical engineering research and design 92 (2014) 1811–1817
Influence of odour concentration and individual odor thresholds on the hedonic tone of odour from animal production, Biosystems Engineering 108 (2011) 211-219.

Detection and Quantitative Assessment of Damages in Beam Structures using Frequency and Stiffness Changes Gillich Gilbert-Rainer1,a and Praisach Zeno-Iosif1,b 1Department for Mechanical Engineering, “Eftimie Murgu” University of Resita, P-ta Traian Vuia 1-4, 320085 Resita, Romania agr.gillich@uem.ro, bzpraisach@yahoo.com Keywords: damage detection, beam, natural frequency shift, stiffness changes.
Rytter, Vibration based inspection of civil engineering structures.
Birdeanu, Considerations on Natural Frequency Changes in Damaged Cantilever Beams Using FEM, Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS International Conference on Engineering Mechanics, Structures, Engineering Geology/International Conference on Geography and Geology (2010) 214-219
Iavornic, Reliable method to detect and assess damages in beams based on frequency changes, Proceedings of the ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Chicago (2012) Article Number: DETC2012-70094

Composite materials with long fibers and polymeric matrix were studied and successfully employed in civil engineering problems.
Franzoni, The Role of Mortar Joints in FRP Debonding from Masonry, Composites Part B: Engineering, 135 (2018) 166–174
Pecce, In-Plane Shear Performance of Masonry Panels Strengthened with FRP, Composites Part B: Engineering, 38, 7–8 (2007), 887–901
Gago, Experimental Characterization of In-Plane Behaviour of Old Masonry Walls Strengthened through the Addition of CFRP Reinforced Render, Composites Part B: Engineering, 148 (2018), 14–26
Bazli, and R Ghahri, Effect of the FRP Sheet’s Arrays and NSM FRP Bars on in-Plane Behavior of URM Walls, Journal of Building Engineering, 20 (2018) 679–695

Performance of Blended Fly Ash (FA) and Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) Geopolymer Mortar in Acidic Peat Environment YUDHI Salman Dwi Satya1,a, EDY Saputra2,b and MONITA Olivia 1,c* 1Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau 28293, Indonesia 2Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Riau,Pekanbaru, Riau 28293, Indonesia asalmansatya2@gmail.com, bedysaputra_eng@yahoo.com, cmonita1306@yahoo.com Keywords: acidic, durability, fly ash, FTIR, geopolymer, palm oil fuel ash, peat water Abstract.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the Geopolymer team project University of Riau, all member of Final Year Project Group batch 1 and 2, and the Materials Technology Laboratory S1 Civil Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Riau.

Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Frames after Fire with Fiber Model XIA Min1,2,a, YU Jiang-tao2,b, LU Zhou-dao2,c, ZHANG Li-wen3,d 1University of Science and Technology of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215011,China 2Institute of Structural Engineering and Disaster Reduction, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China 3Department of Bridge Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China axiamin_chj@163.com, b0310020160@tongji.edu.cn, cluzhoudao@163.com, ddengpaodaxia@163.com Keywords: fiber model;concrete frame;fire response;software development;numerical simulation Abstract: In order to analyze the residual mechanical properties of concrete frame structures after fire, a novel numerical model considering the distribution of non-uniform temperature in the cross-sections of structural members and the changing of mechanical properties of materials damaged by fire is developed in this paper by dividing the cross-sections of structural members into a lot of concrete fibers and steel fibers
Shanghai: Institute of Structural Engineering and Disaster Reduction of Tongji University, 1990,12
Holistic behaviour of concrete buildings in fire [C]// Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings, England, Thomas Telford Services Ltd, 2002, 152(3):199~212
Shanghai: Institute of Structural Engineering and Disaster Reduction of Tongji University, 1989,3
Shanghai: Institute of Structural Engineering and Disaster Reduction of Tongji University, 2007. 8