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The materials’ stress-strain behaviours were assumed to be elastic-perfectly-plastic.
Table 1 The materials’ properties of the composite plate used for residual stress generation.
Journal of engineering materials and technology, 2001. 123(2): p. 162-168
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2011. 528(12): p. 4120-4124
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2005. 19(10): p. 1885-1890

Development of Parrametric modeling for the spindle of NC milling machine based on ANSYS Liuling1, a Li Huibing2,b 1XI'AN University of Arts and Science in Shaan xi xi'an in china710065; 2XI'AN Institute of Electromechanical Information Technology in Shaan xi xi'an in china 710065 aemail:liuxuanping2003@yahoo.com.cn bemai:LHB03045@yahoo.com.cn Key words:CNC milling machine; Spindle; Parametric modeling; ANSYS software.
Bearing in Table 1 Material Parameters Material Modulus of elasticity (N / m) Poisson's ratio Yield strength Shear modulus 40Cr 2.11e 0.28 785MPa 8.28e In engineering practice, shear axis transverse fiber extrusion or hypothesis holds that law is for plane deformation of plane, but not in the perpendicular direction to the neutral axis deformation.
References: [1] HAO Qi, GUAN Liwen, WANG Jinsong, and WANG Living Dynamic Feedforward Control of a Novel 3-PSP 3-DOF Parallel Manipulator CHINESE JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Vol. 24,aNo. 4,a2011 676~683 [2] GAO Feng, WANG Guofu, CUI Ying, and YANG Xinhong Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of 9-DOF Omnidirectional Legged Vehicle CHINESE JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Vol. 24,No. 4,2011 515~521 [3] ZHOU Jie, WANG Shilong, KANG Ling, and CHEN Tianyi Design and Modeling on Stranded Wires Helical Springs CHINESE JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Vol. 24,No. 4, 2011 626~637 [4] CUI Zhong Optimization Techniques and Applications on the High-Speed Grinder Design Hunan University for the degree of Doctor of Engineering November, 2010 [5] MA yali The Energy Characteristic State Models for Mechanical System Conceptual Design,Dalian University of Technology for the degree of Doctor of Engineering, Septmber,2011 [6] Jin Quan Zhang, An Zhao, Jian Yong Song, Yun Yang Research on Parametric
Modeling and Computing of Multi-Tower Suspension Bridge Based on ANSYS Applied Mechanics and Materials, May, 2012:178-181 [7] Z M Zhao,Modelling and simulation of a two-axis tracking system, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 2010 [8] M Glavonjic, D Milutinovic, 3-axis parallel kinematic milling machine, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2010 [9] Shu Kun Cao Milling Machine Design Based on Open CNC System, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2011 [10] Mingjin Chu, Xiangran Li, Jingzhou Lu, Xingmin Hou and Xiaogang Wang A Coupling Modeling Method with ANSYS/FLAC3D and its Application Applied Mechanics and Materials, May, 2012:170-173 [11] Na Jun Wang, Xiang Wang Jin, Jie Wang, Hai Long Diao Parameterized Finite Element Analysis System of Turbine Rotor Thermal Deformation Based on the Secondary Development of ANSYS Applied Mechanics and Materials, October, 2010:506-508。

[3] Liu B．, Kong L．J．, shi c．S．, et a1．Journal．Lumin．
Journal of Luminescence,2008, 128:728–731 [5] I.
Optical Materials,2009,32:8-11 [6] Xiaoming Liu, Ran Pang, Qin Li, et al.
Materials Letters,2009, 63:1329-1331 [8]Peimin Guo.
Research on Novel Luminescent Materials for Field Emission Displays [D].Pek ing University, Doctoral dissertation, 2003.118-123 [9]Guogang Li, Chunxia Li, Cuimiao Zhang, et al.Tm3+ and/or Dy3+ doped LaOCl nanocrystalline phosphors for field emission Displays[J].

To address these issues, both the enhancement of existent techniques and development of new processing technology and materials have been over the years of concern.
It is meaningful to explore effective, inexpensive, handy, and recyclable adsorption materials for technical advance.
In detail, in 1.0 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, oxalic acid, citric acid, hydrazine hydrate and other materials were respectively used to react with natural manganese mineral, which can significantly improve the aqueous Cu2+ ions adsorption capacity of natural manganese mineral.
This provides an extensive application prospect for this novel material.
Journal of Hebei Normal University, 2011.35 (3): 275-278 [8] Ajmal M, Rao R A K, Ahmad R, et al.Removal and recovery of heavy metals from electroplating wastewater by using Kyanite as an adsorbent[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2001, 87:127-137 [9] Khraisheh M A M，Al-degs Y S，Mcminm W A M.

The mechanical properties of these adhesive materials are sensitive to rate of loading and deformation [4,5].
In addition, the nonlinear behavior of the adhesive materials under different rates of loading has been investigated [6].
Materials and Experimental Procedures The acrylic foam pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) with thickness of 0.64 mm is used in the study (VHB 4930F supplied by 3M company).
The Journal of Adhesion, 89(4) 2013: p. 247-263
Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2013. 4(2): p. 025016

Martinelli, Optical Materials Vol. 33 (2011), 1948–1951
Fernández, Optical Materials Vol.34 (2011), 481–486
Marega Jr, Optical Materials Vol.33 (2011), 888–892
Abbas Ahmed Materials, Chemistry and Physics Vol.109 (2008), 291–296
Davis, Electronic Process in Non-Crystalline Materials, UK (1979) in press [15] F.

There are several applications of open-celled metal foam which is widely used as light weight constructional materials, architectural materials, impact absorbers, silencers, filters, heat exchangers and implants [2].
MATERIALS AND METHOD Titanium alloy powder was purchased from TLS tecnik GmbH & Co of Germany.
Grill, Titanium powder sintering for preparation of a porous functionally graded materials destined for orthopaedic implants, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in medicine Vol. 12 (2001) 225-231. 7.
Evans, Preparation of High Porosity Metal Foams, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, (2000). 11.
Tor, Sintering study of 316L stainless steel Metal Injection Molding parts using Taguchi method: final density, Materials Science and Engineering, Vol.

With the rapid development of the modern science and technology, complex ruled surfaces are employed more and more widely, but their tolerances become narrower and narrower.
Each cut can reduce a large amount of material, and reduce the total number of cuts.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the National Science Council, Taiwan, R.O.C., for financial support under grant No: NSC 98-2622-E-269 -031-CC3 and NSC 102-2622-E-269 -006 -CC3.
Han, Cutting path planning for ruled surface impellers, Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,  21( 5) (2008)  462-471
Koren, ruled surface machining on five-axis CNC machine tools, Journal of Manufacturing Processes,  2(1) (2000)  25-35

Concrete softening curve reflects the concrete materials’ relationship between the residual strength and the apparent deformation after it reaches the tensile strength, which is an important content of FCM.
This work was also supported by International cooperative research project between Zhejiang University of Technology (College of Civil Engineering and Architecture) and Center for Advanced Cement-Based Materials, Northwestern University, USA.
RICE: Journal of applied mechanics Vol. 35 (1968), p.379-386 [3] Zhifang Zhao.
Petersson: Crack growth and development of fracture zones in plain concrete and similar materials (Stockholm, Lund Institute of Technology,1981) [6] Zhiming Liu, Zhongxian Wang, Hong Su, Yuping Zhu: Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (Natural Science) Vol. 22(2001), p. 84-87 (In Chinese) [7] Z.P.
Planas: Fracture and size effect in concrete and other quasibrittle materials (CRC Press, Boca Raton 1998) [8] F.H.

Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A, 2010, 11(2): 88-96. ] reported that cast-in-place (CIP) pile foundation change soil temperature field around the pile in permafrost through numerical simulation.
China Safety Science Journal, 2005, 15(10): 84-92. ] pointed out that the refreezing process of ground temperature field might influence the stability of foundation.
Earth Science Frontiers, 2002, 9(2): 321-328. ].
Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2005, 41(2): 111-120. ] is imposed at the location of 30 m below the surface.
Journal of Engineering Geology, 2010, 2: 018. ].