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Constitutive Model and Material Characterization.
[4] Obikawa, T. and Usui, E.: Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 118 (1996) [5] Obikawa, T., Sasahara, H., Shirakashi, T. and Usui, E.: Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 119 (1997), p. 667-674
[7] Özel, T and Altan, T: International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol. 40 (2000), p. 133-152
M.: Journal of Manufacturing Science, Vol. 119 (1997), p. 681-688
N.: Machining Science and Technology, Vol. 2 (1998), p. 343-353

Materials and Experimental method Preparation.
Han: Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Vol. 20 (2009) No.3, p.329
[7] D.D.L Chung: Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 9 (2000) No.4, p.389
Xiao: Piezoresistivity of cement-based composite filled with nonophase materials and self-sensing smart structural system (Ph.D., Harbin Institute of Technology, China 2006)
Yi: Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 38 (2000) No.21, p.2739

Introduction Under low temperature, the main mechanical properties of structural materials change according the drop of temperature.
The above measurements are all in material level, which can’t study the whole real structure behaviors in low temperature with measurement.
Experimental study of the impact toughness of rail steel at low temperatures , Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology) ,Vol.47, No.9 (2007), p.1414-1417 (in Chinese)
Journal of Railway Engineering Societ, No.98 (2006), p.26-29(in Chinese)
Journal of the University of Petroleum, Vol.29, No.5 (2005), p. 91-94(in Chinese).

Set the element type, material properties, defined mesh size, mesh generation.
Cell material is 45#, we can obtain the required parameters by accessing to manual.
Journal of Sound and Vibration. (2007) No.7, pp.321-333
Complex Modal Parameter Identification．Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology. (2000) No.24, pp.56-60.( In Chinese) [4] Ohammad Movahhedy and Peiman Mosaddegh．Prediction of Chatter in High Speed Milling including Gyroscopic Effects．International Journal of Machine Tools＆Manufacture. (2005) No.1, pp.6-10
Cao and Yusuf Altintas．Expert Spindle Design System．International Journal of Machine Tools＆Manufacture. (2005) No.45, pp537-548.

Natural fibres are considered as a potential replacement for man-made fibers in composite materials because of their advantages over other established materials.
Tensile test was performed using a 100 kN hydraulic servo machine (Instron 3882), equipped with computerized data acquisition system, Bluehill Materials Testing Software.
Yunus, Storage Modulus Analysis of Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites, Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (2013) 167-170
Abdullah, Storage Modulus Capacity of Untreated Aged Arenga pinnata Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composite, Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (2013) 171-176
Mechanical and Microstructure Characterization of Coconut Spathe Fibers and Kenaf Bast Fibers Reinforced Epoxy Polymer Matrix Composites, Procedia Materials Science (2014) [6] Sapuan et al., Tensile and flexural strengths of coconut spathe-fibre reinforced epoxy composites, Journal of Tropical Agriculture (2005) [7] J.D.

Introduction Solid propellant, as a major Energetic Materials in China, is widely loaded in rockets, missiles.
As a high energy density materials, solid propellant are flammable, explosive, which maybe initiated unexpectedly under specific excitation conditions through high-speed screwing.
The extrusion fluid temperature gets another climax where material gathers most.
Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 1999, 18(1):15-26
Polymer Engineering and Science, 2008, 48(1):62-73

This effect, called adhesive wear, is mainly dependent on the material pairing between the tool and the workpiece and is typical of the combination of hard and soft materials [15].
Engel, Material flow in sheet-bulk metal forming, Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (2012) 1035–1040
Herper, Innovative tools to improve incremental bulk forming processes, Key Engineering Materials 554557 (2013) 1490–1497
Laemmerhirt, Development and Tribological Investigation of the Coating System Chromium carbonnitride (CrCN) to different Surface Designs, Journal of Materials Science and Engineering B 2 4 (2012) 223-229
Hoffmann, Functional wear resistance tool surfaces for hot metal forming processes, Journal of Steel and Related Materials 3 (2009) 217-221

Standard proccesses of finite element modeling and analysis are pre-processing (define the type of materials, modeling, meshing), solution (define boundary condition and input the value of parameters) and result’s evaluation.
Non-linear, inelastic, non-metal plasticity, Drucker-Prager granular material model is chosen to represent granular material (sand and gravel) used as stiffener.
Drucker-Prager granular material model uses three parameters for simulation, i.e. cohesion c; friction angle (ϕ); and flow angle (ψ) or angle of dilatancy of the granular material.
Hung, J.P., et. al., Finite Elemen Prediction on the Machining Stability of Milling Machine with Experimental Verification., World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 72 (2010)
International Journal of Integrated Engineering Vol. 4 No. 2 (2012) p. 77-87

The modified mixed materials had higher ultimate tensile strength.
Experimental Procedures Materials Natural sisal fibre was obtained from C.B.N Materialtest Co., Ltd.
Rustgi, Biodegradable Polymers, Progress in Polymer Science 23 (1998) 1273-1335
Yuvraj, Recent Development in Natural Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 28 (2008) 1169-1189
Satyanarayana, Sponge Gourd (Luffa Cylindrica) Reinforced Polyester Composites: Preparation and Properties, Defence Science Journal 64 (2014) 273-280

Commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) and its alloys are major implant materials for dental and medical applications such as total joint replacements. [1].
Many studies have been conducted on the surface modification for obtaining bioactive surface in order to improve bone-bonding ability of implant materials [5].
Surfaces of cp-titanium materials were coated with novel biomimetic sol gel (BSG) method under biological conditions (37°C and pH= 7.4).
The coated materials was dried at 37°C and sintered at 900°C.
Talaat: The Open Medical Devices Journal, Vol. 1 (2009), p. 19-28 [5] B.H.