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Fig. 1 X-ray diffraction pattern of CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles JCPDS 077-2307 (C) The X-ray pattern showed that the cadmium selenide nano particles are in the hexagonal phase.
Therefore, the powder was pure hexagonal CdSe phase with cell constant of a=4.300°, in agreement with the reported data (JCPDS Card File, No-077-2307 (C).
These variations in contact increase scattering and wave-guiding of the output emission, thereby reducing the number of photons reaching the detector.
JCPDS 077-2307 (C) Fig. 7 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) CdSe/ZnS (NCs) (a- c) at 50 nm (d) at 20 nm.

The peaks at 2θ 20.51º and 26.61º may be attributed to SiO2 (α-Quartz- JCPDS card 46-1045).
The peak at 26.64º and the less intense peaks at 33.99º and 52.09º confirm the existence of SnO2 (Cassiterite - JCPDS card 41-1445).
For both JP and PP samples, the polymerization index (Ip) has been calculated and the wave number of the maximum of the Si-O stretching peak (νmax) has been collected.
Whatever is the colored blue shard considered in fig. 4, the Polymerization Index gave for Blue JP Ip=0.78~0.83 and Blue PP Ip=0.24, i.e. the Co ions contribute to decrease the number of connections in the Si-O-Si network.
Because of the extra peaks at 28.3º, 37.6º and 51.9º, and since the yellow pigment should contain some iron oxide, a new pyrochlore phase, Pb2Fe0.5Sb1.5O6.5 (JCPDS nº36-1016), could be identified in this sample.

In this XRD pattern, the (100), (200) and (300) reflections of the apatite phase were more intense than those of a typical HAp listed in JCPDS card #9-432.
In the bright-field images (Fig. 4(b)), black bent-contours were 10 20 30 40 50 1200ƷC, 1 h 2θ / degree CuKα X-ray intensity (100) (200) (300) Fig. 1 XRD pattern of the heated apatite fibres. 40080012001600 20002400 28003200 36004000 4008001200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 3600 4000 Wave number / cm-1 Transmittance Transmittance (a) 800ƷC, 1 h (b) 1200ƷC, 1 h CO32- Fig. 2 FT-IR spectra of the heated apatite fibres. presented across a short-axis of the heated fibres.
In the case of the apatite fibres heated at 1200˚C for 1 h, a large number of angular voids were present in the fibres, together with some strains and grain boundaries.

Table 1 Different mixing content of urea and citric acid Sample number Content of urea [g] Content of citric acid[g] S1 2.5×1.0=2.5 / S2 2.5×0.5=1.25 1.4009×0.5=0.7004 S3 2.5×0.2=0.5 1.4009×0.8=0.1207 The photos of AZO nanometer powders with different mixing content of urea and citric acid are shown in Fig.1.
But there are large numbers of gray-black impurities in the bottom of crucible of the S3 sample, the reason is that the sample could not be calcined completely because of excessive citric acid.
It can be seen that all the diffraction peeks of each sample were well coincident with the standard JCPDS card.

By Rietveld analysis, weak diffraction peaks of the NaCl (halite phase, JCPDS card number 050628) were identified on sample produced with collagen submitted to saline precipitation peaks.
Acknowledgments The authors are grateful for financial support from CNPq, CAPES and FAPERJ (Process number E26/152.729/2006 and E-26/110.333/2007).

Apart from the broad peak due to PVA, there are three sharper peaks corresponding to (111), (220) and (311) lattice planes of cubic CdS phase (JCPDS card no. 80-0019).
The crystal structure and Millerindices of planes have been obtained by referring and comparing standard JCPDS (Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standard) data card number 060630 [31].
The interplanner distance ‘d’ is also matched with standard ‘d’ of JCPDS data card.
(JCPDS-80-0020).
(JCPDS-36-1450).

After that the number of colonies on each plate was counted.
All peaks in Fig. 2a corresponded to peaks of HA based on JCPDS card No. 09-432.
Fig. 1 FESEM micrographs of HA (a) and Ag-HA (b) powders Fig. 2 XRD patterns of HA and Ag-HA powders Fig. 3 FTIR spectra of HA(a) and Ag-HA(b) powders Tab. 1 Antibacterial activities of HA and Ag-HA on E. coli and S. aureus Sample Number of viable cell Bactericidal ratio [%] E. coli S. aureus E. coli S. aureus Control 3.30±0.15×107 3.80±0.20×107 0 0 HA 3.00±0.30×107 3.60±0.35×107 6 8 Ag-HA 0 0 100 100 Fig. 3 shows FT-IR spectra of HA and Ag-HA.

The obtained peaks of Z0.85C0.10T0.05 -1, Z0.85C0.10T0.05 -2, and Z0.85C0.10T0.05 -3 are found to be matched with that of JCPDS data 98-010-9898, 98-009-6104, and 98-009-6104 respectively, adopting monoclinic zirconium oxide structure in space group P 1 21/c 1.
The corresponding JCPDS card numbers for these composites can be seen in Table-3.
JCPDS Card number, main peak with [hkl] value, phase structures of Z0.85C0.10T0.05 -1, Z0.85C0.10T0.05 -2, Z0.85C0.10T0.05 -3, Z0.85C0.10T0.05 -4 and Z0.85C0.10T0.05-5 composite ceramics.
These flaws may serve as charge carrier trapping centers, increasing the rate of energy loss and, consequently, the number of dielectric losses.
The material may have undergone more extensive annealing and consolidation at higher sintering temperatures of 1200 and 1300 °C, which is reduced the number of flaws and decreased conductivity.

We found that all of the diffraction peaks of the ZnO nanoparticles and Al2O3 could be indexed to the wurtzite structures, ZnO and Al2O3, according to the standard JCPDS (no.897716 & no.751526) card.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Science Council under contract number NSC 95-2221-E-006-314 and NSC 95-2221-E-006-357-MY3.

The ZnO film is highly crystalline, and all peaks matched well with the hexagonal structure of ZnO [JCPDS card No. 36-1451].
This process can be easily scaled up for industrial production and a large number of metal oxides/polyelectrolyte anticorrosion composite functional films can be fabricated by using this strategy.