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Parkinson, Chemical Engineering 109 (2002) 29-31
)', Ceramic Transactions, vol 62, American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH, 1996, p.
Skorokhod, Journal of American Ceramic Society 86 (2003) 299-304
Fonseca, Ceramics International 25 (1990) 577- 580
Schilling, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005) 2762-2768

Pore characteristics of mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite synthesised with different nonionic surfactant and carbonate concentration Nur Farahiyah Mohammad1,2,a*, Radzali Othman2,b and Yeoh Fei Yee2,c 1Biomedical Electronic Engineering Programme, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Pauh Putra Campus, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia 2School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia afarahiyah@unimap.edu.my, bradzby@yahoo.com, cfeiyee@usm.my Keywords: Mesoporous; Pore size; Carbonated hydroxyapatite; Non-ionic surfactant; Surface area Abstract.
Asian International Conference on Materials, Minerals and Polymer, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 2012, pp. 626-633
Yeoh, Synthesis and Characterization of Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Mesoporous Particles, in: 2012 Hong Kong International Conference on Engineering and Applied Science, Hong Kong, 2012, pp. 58-65
Takahashi, Different behavior of implanted hydroxyapatite depending on morphology, size and crystallinity, Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 114 (2006) 3
Tampieri, Carbonated hydroxyapatite as bone substitute, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 23 (2003) 2931-2937.

These distinctive features induced the extensive application in the microelectronic field, aerospace engineering, medical practice, biochemical engineering and other areas with specific requirements on the dimension or weight of the heat exchange device [1-6].
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, (2001), 44 (5): 1039-1051 [3] Galvis E.; Jubran B.
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, (2010), 53(4): 605-614 [6] Ahmad S.
International Journal of Nano and Biomaterials,( 2009), 2(1-5): 12-21 [7] Tuckerman D.
Proceedings of the 30th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference.

Ferreira: Rotary Ultrasonic Machining of Ceramics – A Review, Ceram.
Proc., Vol. 16, No.1, (1995), p. 259 [2] Zhang Q.H, Zhang J.H, Jia X and Ai X: Fracture at the Exit of the Hole during the Ultrasonic Drilling of Engineering Ceramics, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.84, (1998), p. 20 [3] Eckart U and Christoph H: Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding of Advanced Ceramics, Proceedings of ASPE Spring Topical Meeting on Vibration Assisted Machining Technology, (2007), p.43 [4] Z.C.
Micale and C Treadwell: Experimental Study on Rotary Ultrasonic Machining of Graphite/Epoxy Panel, Proceedings of ASPE Spring Topical Meeting on Vibration Assisted Machining Technology, (2007), p.52 [5] S.Koshimizu: Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Drilling of Fine Ceramics, Proceedings of 7th International Symposium on Advances in Abrasive Technology, (2004), p.545 [6] Y.

Microstructure and Properties of TA1 TIG Joint Via Micro-arc Oxidation GUO Yupeng a, DI Shichun b and LV Hongweic School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China, aguoyupeng685918@163.com, bdishichun@126.com, c lvhongweihit@163.com Keywords: micro-arc oxidation coatings, weld joint, surface protection, titanium.
Roughness of ceramic membrane coatings was detected by surface roughness measuring instrument (TR200).
The ceramic coatings improve the corrosion resistance of weld joint because the ceramic coating which consists of TiO2 and TiAl2O5 is insulating coatings which effectively impedes the corrosion behavior on substrate and improve corrosion resistance of the whole sample.
Ni, Wear failure behaviour of titanium-based oxide coatings on a titanium alloy under impact and sliding forces, Journal of Alloys and Compounds,578 (2013) 336-344
Daqing, Z.Yu, The effect of titanium bead diameter of porous titanium on the formation of micro-arc oxidized TiO2-based coatings containing Si and Ca, Ceramics International. 39 (2013) 728-5731

Preparation and Characterization of MAO film with high dense layer Zhisong Shaoa, Ya Zhoub, Gang Liuc School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang HangKong university, Nanchang, 330063, China ashaozhisong@126.com, bzhya0321@163.com, cliugang@126.com Keywords: MAO film, high dense layer, negative current density, friction coefficient Abstract: The influence of different negative current density on oxidation film thickness and dense layer thickness was studied.
The negative pulse can influence the growth speed of ceramic layer, and can influence the composition and phase structure of film also[9].In this paper, a ceramic film with a thickness of about 100 um was directly formed on the surface of 2024 aluminum alloy through micro arc oxidation by controlling the negative pulse current .
Yarovaya:Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, Vol.75 (2002), p.83 [3] Ding Hong yan,DAI Zhen dong,SURESH C Skuiry:Tribology International.
[6]Li H X,Rudnev V S,Zheng X H : Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 462(2008) ,p.99-102

Introduction With the rapid development of micro-electronics technique, the ultra precision machining of advanced materials such as silicon single crystals, ceramics and composites are required for the manufacture of electronic, optical and computer components.
It is a kind of anti-corrosive new engineering material with high strength, good vibration absorbing properties and thermal stability [2].
All the physical units are converted to the international system of units in order to simplify the process.
Lee: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 48 (1995), p. 649 [3] K.
Wang: Journal of Dalian University of Technology, Vol. 46 (2006), p.105 (In Chinese) [6] Ralf Wiebusch: Maschinen Markt, Vol. 215 (1999), p. 40 [7] K.

Raju Shrihari Pawade and Suhas S.Joshi, in the “Multi-objective optimization of surface roughness and cutting forces in high-speed turning of Inconel 718 using Taguchi grey relational analysis” at the International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (2011) 56:47–62 DOI 10.1007/s00170-011-3183-z [3].
“Analysis of Valve Mechanism” by A.S.More,SP.Deshmukh in the Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN (e): 2278-1684, ISSN (p): 2320–334X, PP: 06-09 [6].
“A Parametric Design Study of End Milling Operation using Grey Based Taguchi Method” by Abhishek Dubey, Devendra Pathak in the International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2014) [7].
“Optimization of Turning parameters of EN – 9 steel using design of Experiments concept” ,by B Kumaragurubaran, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering & Robotics, Res. 2013, ISSN 2278 – 0149, Vol. 2, No. 3, July 2013 [8].
P.S Sivasakthivel, R Sudhakaran and S Rajeswari, in the “Optimization of machining parameters to minimize vibration amplitude while machining Al 6063 using gray-based Taguchi method”, in the Proc IMechE Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 227(12) 1788–1799_ IMechE 2013

Introduction Liquid phase sintering, i.e. sintering where a proportion of the material being sintered is in the liquid state, is a common processing technique for a variety of systems, including metal, cermets and ceramics.
Baranov: Soviet Journal of Powder Metall. and Metal Ceramic Vol. 29 (1988), p. 703-708 [5] A.E.
Miller: Journal of Metals Vol. 35, (1983), p. 55-60 [6] R.
Gopinath: Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 29-31, ed.
Sontea, in: International Conference of PM, vol.

Finite Element Analysis of Creep Damage Behavior Near the Cavity on Bimaterial Interface Qingmin Yua, Zhufeng Yue b and Yongshou Liu c School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R.
Introduction In multi-materials such as fiber or particle reinforced composites, laminated ceramics, packaging materials, ceramic coatings, the interface between two dissimilar media represents a weak point.
Guo: International Journal of Plasticity Vol.18 (2002) p.249
Wiesner: Journal of Strain Analysis Vol.28 (1993) p.13.