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Its’ structure material is Ni.
Vincent De Sars and his companions developed a drive system which used SMA alloy materials to control moving of endoscope[4].
The main structure material is electroplating Ni.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(11DZ2290203)and Pre-Research Program of China's electricity science institute (No.51308050304) References [1] ZhengZhitian.
Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering. 1998，17(2)：36~41 [4] Vincent De Sars, SinanHaliyo, Jerome Szewczyk.

The linear isotropic material modal was selected during the analysis.
The material modal is the same with VD furnace body material modal.
We get eigenvalue buckling mode’s 1% as initial defect, and consider material’s nonlinearity, furnace cover’s material model is the same with furnace body.
References [1] Bencheng Huang, Jingming Chen, and YanQi: Chinese Space Science and Technology (in Chinese), Vol.22 (2002) , p.6 [2] Najafizadeh M M,Hasani A , Khazaeinejad P: Applied Mathematical Modeling , 2009 , Vol.33(2009) , p.1151 - 1157
[3] Yan Chen: Pressure Vessel Technology (in Chinese), Vol.24 (2007), p.60 [4] Paik J K.: Ocean Engineering, Vol.36 (2009), p.266 [5] Pan Liu, Qiao Ni, and Lin Wang: Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(in Chinese)，Vol.23 (2008), p. 97 [6] Xiaodong Xing, Fei Hou: Mechanical Management and Development (in Chinese)，Vol.32 (2004), p. 77 [7] ZhaQiu Liu, SiWei Liu: Journal of Sun Yat-sen University (in Chinese), Vol.47 (2008), p. 85 [8] Xiaodan Gao, Yuan Ma, and Zhuopeng Hao: Petro-Chemical Equipment (in Chinese), Vol.36 (2007) , p.52 [9] Gang Zhang, Jianjun Li, Chunhui Ding: Transactions of the China Welding Institution (in Chinese), Vol.22 (2001), p. 93

The material properties of the impactor are list in Table 2.
Material definition of model components.
Material definition of the impactor Part Material property ρ (kg/m3) E/K (MPa) Poisson Ratio Pad Impactor elastic Rigid 80 7830 10 207000 0.3 0.3 Simulation.
Journal of Neurosurgery, 1946, 3: 498- 505
Stapp Car Crash Journal, 2001, 45: 1- 32

Additional process advancements included using pulsed direct current and low current densities, applying to a wider variety of materials, and utilizing reactive gases like CO2 and other gas combinations.
They came to the conclusion that these materials exhibit greater hardness, yield, and ultimate tensile strengths than base metals and that weld transverse tensile failures frequently occur away from the weld zone [15].
SEM evaluation of materials with fractures In impact toughness weldment samples, fracture morphology displays coarse dimples with a combination of ductile and brittle fracture.
Jeong: Fundamental of Fusion Welding, Journal of Korea Welding Joining Society, 19-2(2001), 1-4
Journal of Mechanical Science Technology,27, (2013),2457–65

Properties and applications of additively manufactured metallic cellular materials: A review.
Progress in Materials Science 125, 100918
Measurement Techniques for Thermal Conductivity and Interfacial Thermal Conductance of Bulk and Thin Film Materials.
Journal of Electronic Packaging 138, 4
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 50, 13-14, 2545–2556

In recent years, the use of photocatalytic oxidation activity of nano-TiO2 and TiO2 powder or load materials for adsorption removal of heavy metal pollutants attracted widespread concern.
Ying Li et al. developed [4] a new type of silicon - titanium (SiO2-TiO2) nano-composite materials which can effectively capture elemental mercury (Hg0) under UV irradiation.
Acknowledgements This work was partially sponsored by NSF (Natural Science Foundation, 50806041), Ministry, Shanghai Shuguang Project Funds (08SG53), Shanghai Science and Technology Development (09230501300), and the fifth Key Subject of Shanghai Education Commission (Grant No.
[2] Yan Cao, Hongcang Zhou, Jiang Wu, et al., Studies of the Fate of Sulfur Trioxide in Coal-Fired Utility Boilers Based on Modified Selected Condensation Methods, Environmental Science & Technology.2010, 44(9): 3429-3434
[6] Shan Yang, Junying Zhang, Yongchun Zhao, Chen Yu, Kai Zhang, Preparation of carbon nano -TiO2 and study on the photocatalytic removal of mercury, Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2010, 2 (31): 339-342.

And the meanings of the parameters are described as follows: δ: deformation magnitude, P : normal force, R : relatively curvature radius, A , B : positive constants, 1R , 2R : curvature radius on the contact point, 1E , 2E :materials' modulus of elasticity.
Acknowledgements All authors are grateful to the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China and the National Natural Science Foundation of City of Ningbo, China.
Zhu: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 129 (2002), pp.186-189
Weng: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 43 (2003), pp.1197-1207
Ikoku: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vols. 187-188 (2007), pp.81-84

Experimental materials and methods The biosolids sample was taken from a sewage disposal plant in Chongqing, and the water content was decreased to 92.5% by using fabric extrusion filter.
Water Science and Technology. 2005, 52(10-11): 533-541
Environmental Science & Technology. 2005, 39(1): 355-362
Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2002, 93(2): 209-220
Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2009, 162(1): 10-16

The elastic-plastic material is used to simulate the behaviour of non-linear rock mass.
Acknowledgements The author would like to thank the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50979013) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No. 20090461180).
Color figures are welcome for the online version of the journal.
Mishing, in: Diffusion Processes in Advanced Technological Materials, edtied by D.
Clem: submitted to Journal of Materials Research (2003) [6] P.G.

Preparation of Hexagonal Fe3O4 Nanometer Particles via Weakly Magnetic Field Assisted Oxidation Co-precipitation Dawei Hu1,a, Yanmin Wang2,b 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China 2Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Materials under Ministry of Education, 510640, Guangzhou, China a123hudawei@163.com, bwangym@scut.edu.cn Keywords: hexagonal Fe3O4 nanometer particle, weakly magnetic field, morphology, oxidative co-precipitation Abstract:This paper utilized a novel oxidative co-precipitation method to synthesis hexagonal Fe3O4 nanometer particles, which assisted by a weakly magnetic field.
Introduction Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanometer particle is a magnetic functional material, which has been widely used in pigment, activator, magnetic fluids, and magnetic record materials, etc..
Datong Zhang in Testing Center of the South China University of Technology for the SEM measurement, and Professor Yang Su in Beijing General Research Institute of Magnetic Materials for magnetic measurement, respectively.
Han, et al, Magnetic field synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles used as a precursor of ferrofluids, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 310(2007)37-47
Colloid and Interface Science. 171(1995)85-91