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Porous materials made from biocompatible metals such as stainless steel (316L) and titanium (Ti-6Al-V4) are currently in use as conventional material.
Because of this, porous NiTi alloy is chosen because it exhibits lower apparent elastic modulus close to human bones compared to other metallic materials [1,2].
Progress in Materials Science, 57(5), pp.911-946, 2012 [3] Otsuka, K., Saxena, A., Deng, J. and Ren, X., Mechanism of the shape memory effect in martensitic alloys: an assessment.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 582, pp.117-125, 2013
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 47(4), pp.1499-1503, 2016.

The micro-bridge comprises a thin layer (0.1-0.3μm) of sensitive materials.
Fig. 1.Mircobolometer structure Microbolometer is based on the measurement of a temperature change due to absorbed IR photons by sensitive materials such as vanadium oxides, a-Si:H, semiconductors, superconductors and so on [4].
Among all the sensitive materials, a-Si:H has high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and high resistivity to gain high responsivity [5], therefore, in recent years, the study aiming at microbolometer based on a-Si:H thin film has attracted a wide spread attention.
Fig. 8.Absorptivity vs. thickness of support layer Conclusion The simulation of the multilayer film system based on a-Si:H shows that, among all the IR absorbing materials, TiN has excellent IR absorption performance.
Compared with TiN, other IR absorbing materials (such as Si3N4, SiO2) are not so good, but can be used to act as the support layer or passivation layer.

Introduction The flow of non-Newtonian fluids confined in channels with expanding and contracting walls have applications in heat exchangers, engine systems, lubrication systems and many other chemical engineering applications like packing toothpaste, shampoo, food materials and biological flows like lymph fluids through vessels, etc.
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 39(7), (2017) 2889-2904
Panda, Flow and heat transfer analysis of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) second-grade fluid in a channel with a porous wall, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 39(6), (2017) 2145-2157
Rahimipetroudi, Analysis of MHD flow characteristics of a UCM viscoelastic flow in a permeable channel under slip conditions, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 38(3), (2016) 977-988
Makinde, Viscoelastic flow and species transfer in a Darcian high-permeability channel, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 76 (3), (2011) 93–99

The FEM is the most popular based on the number of journal publications.
Wherever this sensibility is low enough the material can be progressively eliminated.
Holes are created by removing material areas centered on the previously selected points. 4.
Marczak, A boundary element approach for topology design in diffusive problems containing heat sources, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52, 4604–4611, (2009)
Marczak, Topological Optimization of Anisotropic Heat Conducting Devices using Bezier-Smoothed Boundary Representation, Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 78, 151-168 (2011).

Introduction The application of secondary materials form anthropogenic high temperature processes in building material has a long tradition [1].
Some application properties are even improved due to the special properties and reaction behavior of the secondary materials.
Secondary materials like ashes or slags furthermore can be submitted to chemical treatment to generate an activation of the silica structure.
The SMM is known for the capability to produce nano-sized materials [9, 13].
Schwedes, Production of sub-micron particles by wet comminution in stirred media mills, Journal of Materials Science, 39 (2004) 5223-5226

The domestic and international relevant data of materials related to earthquake damage show that pile foundation has good seismic performance, mainly manifested in the following aspects: it reduces the structural damage, reduces the seismic subsidence, and increases the seismic stability.
Acknowledgments This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51108220, Grant No.51068017) and by Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT1139).
Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Diviston, ASCE, 1978, 104(6):643-661
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1992, ASCE, 118(1):89-106
International Journal of Geomechanics, 2004, Vol.4, (2):104-114

Previous researchers have used different materials as a replacement for cement.
The utilisation of waste materials as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) can reduce the harmful impact of using cement on the environment.
Waste materials are the materials produced by some industries or chemical processes that are not required in production and are discarded.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 140. 012127. 10.1088/1755-1315/140/1/012127
Journal of Building Physics. 26. 10.1177/0075424202026002974.

Materials Two base asphalts were used in this paper and the basic properties of them are exhibited in Tab.1.
Both Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) and Arrhenius have been used to obtain the shift factors of viscoelastic materials.
China Journal of Highway and Transport.2010, 23(4):1-7.
Journal of Southeast University, 21(3):498-501
China Journal of Highway and Transport. 2008, 21(3):35-39.

Suzuki,c Yoshio Sakkad Nano Ceramics Center, Fine Particle Processing Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, JAPAN a email: besra.laxmidhar@nims.go.jp bemail: uchikoshi.tetsuo@nims.go.jp cemail: suzuki.tohru@nims.go.jp demail: sakka.yoshio@nims.go.jp Keywords: pulsed DC, electrophoretic deposition, aqueous EPD, bubble suppression.
Introduction Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a very important and versatile technique for processing colloidal suspensions of particulate materials and has been used in a variety of applications such as fabrication of thin films, multilayered composites, functionally graded materials, hybrid materials, as well as micropatterned colloidal assemblies [1,2].
These advantages have promoted interest to develop water based EPD to process particulate materials and technical ceramics [5-9].
Liu, "A review on fundamentals and applications of electrophoretic deposition (EPD)," Progress in Materials Science, 52, (2007) 1-61
Li, "Electrophoretic deposition of BaTiO3 films from aqueous suspensions," Materials Chemistry and Physics, 99 (2-3), (2006) 350-353

Li: Materials Science & Engineering A, 2008, 499 (1): 248-251 [3] Y.
Wierzbicki: Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 2004, 126 (3): 314-324 [4] H.
Ding: Materials Science Forum, Vols.575-578 (2009), p.316-321 [5] J.H.
Fan, Z.M.Zhang: Materials Science Forum, Vols. 628-629 (2009), p.541-546 [6] J.H.
Fan: Materials Science & Engineering A, 2008, 499 (1): 200-203