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The sample with high transparency is fewer mineral composition numbers, similar mineral compositions and bigger crystal particles.
The typical samples were numbered according to its transparency.
The number of mineral compositions also affects the transparent degree of Shoushan Stone.
The more the number of mineral compositions is, the more the reflection is and the less the transparency is.
The number of mineral compositions in the sample also affects its transparent degree.

Recently, there has been significant attention on the fabrication of ultra fine-grained steel consisting of the finer ferrite grain size [2].
Finer ferrite grains can form due to the more nucleation site being available.
As a result, the ferrite grain is quite finer for the specimen 2.
This was attributed to the refinement of the ferrite grain size.
When cold heading steel is deformed, dislocations are produced in numbers proportionate to the degree of deformation.

The resulting microstructure is mainly formed by very fine grains.
This simple procedure aims to obtain significant grain refinement through a small number of passes with high reduction per pass.
A small number of large grains of approximately 20 om in diameter are embedded in a matrix of small recrystallized grains of approximately 5 om in diameter.
The final average grain size is near 6 om.
Equiaxed grains of average size equal to 8.5 om can be observed.

To some number of powder wire samples was added: nickel, cobalt and tungsten.
Grain size was defined by GOST 5639-82 under ×100 magnification.
Microstructure consist of martensite, which are forming inside the former austenite grains, and small amount retained austenite as separated islands and thin layers of δ-ferrite located on the former austenite grains borders.
Microstructure consist of martensite, which are forming inside the former austenite grains, and small amount retained austenite as separated islands and thin layers of δ-ferrite located on the former austenite grains borders. .
Per the results of calculations obtained dependencies, the adequacy of which was checked by actual values in index of the average approximation error: , (1) m - the number of observations; – calculated value of resulted index; – real value of resulted index.

That number represents on electro winning cells half million of lead base anodes (Pb-0.07% Ca-1.3% Sn), with dimensions of 1 x 1 meters of section and 6, 7.5 and 9 mm thickness.
The shape and size of the grains were determined by metallographic analysis.
Note that anodes with 75% of cold rolling reduction have very small grain size.
Grain size of anodes with strain.
Corrosion rate of the anodes versus their average grain size.

It can be noted that a large number of corrosion spots were generated throughout the surface of the HAZ.
The precipitate free zone (PFZ) width range is 50~100 nm and evident along grain boundaries.
In the TMAZ (Fig. 5c), the matrix precipitates completely dissolved, while the grain boundary precipitates (GBPs) partially dissolved and a small amount of fine precipitates (40 ~70 nm) were detected on grain boundary.
GBPs are continuously distributed on the grain boundary.
Therefore, corrosion crack initiates and propagates along grain boundaries.

The initial grain size was about 80µm.
It is shown that the number of dynamic recrystallization grains is less at lower temperature and higher strain rate than higher temperature and lower strain rate.
In general, new boundaries were formed in slip bands both near original grain boundaries and within original grains.
Fig.4 TEM images of dislocation features at 0.001s -1 and (a) 623K in twinning (b) 623K in DRX grains (c) 673K in grain-boundaries Conclusions 1.
The number of dynamic recrystallization grains is less at lower temperature and higher strain rate than higher temperature and lower strain rate.

Compared to the uniform deformation field of specimen, many more coarse original grains remain and new recrystallized grains form at the region in the vicinity of grain boundary in the large deformation field as shown in Fig. 4.
DRX is fewer in number and finer with the strain increase.
Cracks are more in number and larger at 20 s-1 compared to the strain rate 2 s-1.
So the cracks are more in number and higher in length in specimens of 20 s-1.
Cracks are more in number and larger at 20 s-1 compared to the strain rate 2 s-1.

As the ECAP pass numbers increases to four passes, the superelasticity increases a little.
At the same time, some grain have become equaixed grain, as shown in Fig. 2(a).
The equaixed grain size is about 500 nm.
After four passes ECAP, the fiber band disappeared and the almost entirely grain become equaixed grain.
The summary is as follows: The grain of Ti-25 at. % Nb alloy can refine to near 200 nm after four passes ECAP process and the almost all of the grains become equaxed ultra-fine grains.

Number of feedbacks with each control method.
for (a) Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and (b) Amorphous ribbon.
Fig.3 shows number of feedbacks with each control method.
The number of feedbacks when the control is complete is as follows.
In case of the Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, the number of feedbacks are 24 times (CRM), 22 times (BCM), and 1 time (IBCM).