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Online since: March 2008
Authors: Abdul Majeed Azad, Sathees Kesavan, Sirhan Al-Batty
Gravimetric analyses of the samples before and after reduction yielded an average weight loss of 27.5 wt% (hydrogen reduction) and 27 wt% (carbothermic reduction) for the MR and NY samples, respectively; this agrees very well with the theoretical value of 27.64 % weight loss for the reduction of Fe3O4 to Fe.
Fig. 10.XRD analyses of the product obtained via solvothermal hydrazine reduction at 60 atm.
The normalized experimental data (hydrogen generation rate, a) presented in Fig.12 is plotted as a function of time (-ln a vs. time), whose slope gives the reaction rate constant.
hydrogenk = 0.0158 min-1 carbonk = 0.0248 min-1 hydride sodiumborok = 0.0521 min-1 hydrazinek = 0.1454 min-1 In the absence of experimental data at more than one temperature (600°C), the activation energy for the MSR process was estimated using the standard thermodynamic data and by invoking the collision theory concept.
Effect of exposed area reduction on the temperature attained at the reactor center.
Online since: November 2005
Authors: Hong Tao Zhang, C. Isaac Garcia, Anthony J. DeArdo, Rui Zhen Wang, Ming Jian Hua
The total reduction for these passes is 55%, calculated according to the thickness change.
This result is corresponding to the data obtained in the intermediate bar.
Secondly, the total reduction below temperature Tnr is not big enough, which is just 55%.
After experiencing 55% rolling reduction, the Sv increases to a range of 175~45mm-1.
The size distribution data of the precipitates is summarized in Fig.9.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Victor Elistratov, Irina Kudryasheva, Julia Miroshnikova
Results of trades for First Price Zone, February 2014, data from the Trading System Administrator, Russian Federation [2] At once, this difference abroad can be assumed approximately as 2÷2.5 (fig. 2).
The cash equivalent of bonuses for system efficiency is determined from the following data: - cost of fuel’s consumption reduction on CHP stations; - additional profit from the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere; - reduction of the repair expenses for CHP’s equipment.
Diagram of comparison of tariffs for automatic load frequency control regime, assessments results and data from European and American markets [3, 4, 13] SC tariff, RUR/MW/h Fig. 6.
Diagram of comparison of tariffs for regime of synchronous capacitor, assessments results and data from European and American markets [3, 4, 13] SR tariff, RUR/MW/h Fig. 7.
Diagram of comparison of tariffs for regime of spinning reserve, assessments results and data from European and American markets [3, 4, 13] NSR tariff, RUR/MW/h Fig. 8.
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Paulo Roberto Cetlin, Maria Teresa Paulino Aguilar, Frederico de Castro Magalhães, Antonio Eustaquio de Melo Pertence, Haroldo Béria Campos
Low angle drawing led to the almost complete healing of the defect after three drawing passes with a 10% reduction of area each.
One should have data concerning the effect of their initial sizes, shapes and positions, as well as of their evolution during drawing, on eventual problems in the subsequent processing, such as their drawing to small diameters and/or the manufacturing of artifacts.
These samples underwent 3 successive drawing passes with a fixed reduction of area per pass and utilizing dies with two semi-angles.
Group 1 Group 2 Semi-angle (α) 5º 20º Reduction in area (r) 10% 10% $umber of passes 03 03 3.
Group 1 - Semi-angle = 5º - Reduction of area = 10% Pass 1 Pass 2 Pass 3 Surface view Lateral view Figure 5 - Evolution of the surface defects for drawing conditions in group 1.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Wen Qi Peng, Xiao Bo Liu, Fei Dong
A method, which could be used in the areas of short of data, to determine the retention coefficients of TN and TP was put forward in this case.
In addition, a method to determine the retention coefficients of TN and TP in the areas of short of data was put forward in this paper.
Methods and Models Process of Calculating Water Environmental Capacity of Uutrophicated Reservoirs The process of calculating water environmental capacity of eutrophicated reservoirs can be divided into the following several stages: (a) Collect and analyze the related data of the reservoir, including hydrological data, water quality data and geometric data.
The designed water stage is 332.59m which occurred in August, 2006, and this data is obtained from the materials which are provided by Shizitan Hydropower General Station.
(c)In the case, a method, which could be used in the areas of short of data, to determine the retention coefficients of TN and TP was put forward.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Yue Hua Li, Kun Chen
The key step of a recognition algorithm lies in feature extraction, which not only realizes the dimensionality reduction of the data set but also preserves the information useful for recognition of the samples as much as possible.
It aims at discovering the inner geometry structures and essential information of the data set.
Experimental results and analysis Experimental data.
The SFR target HRRP data used here contains three kinds of targets: car, bus and tank.
The HRRP obtained with the depression angle 150 are used as the training data set, and the HRRP obtained with the depression angle 100 are the testing data set.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Wei Hui Huang, Ke Gang Li, Jiang Bo Liang
Based on the survey data, the slope body formation is mainly made up of four parts: the first one was the Holocene Quaternary artificial fill soil, the second one was the Quaternary slope diluvia silty clay layer, the third one was the Quaternary residual talus silty clay and the last one was the Tertiary Pliocene silty clay layer.
According to the overall area of slope body and the above survey data, three representative profiles have been divided.
Parameters selection of soil mass According to Interior geotechnical testing and relative prospecting data, through converting parameters and experience-reduction, getting physical and mechanical parameters of soil mass in different states(see table 1).As elasticity modulus and Poisson’s ratio in the light of strength reduction in the paper just have a soft impact on coefficient of safety, therefore, according to experiential values, the value of elasticity of modulus was set as 2~5 times of modulus of compressibility, and each soil-layer set the values as 4 times of correspondent modulus of compressibility, Poisson’s ratio value taking account of both laboratory values and experiential values[2-4].
(3) (4) Description: cF: cohesion after reduction, φF: frictional angle after reduction, Ft: coefficient of reduction.
In the case of considering the effect of water, according to the engineering drilling data, getting the position of ground water line in profile, and simulating and calculating on this basis, the coefficient of safety in profile is 0.93.
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Sudip Basack, Abhik Kumar Banerjee
The model is validated with a field test data and thereafter, parametric studies have been carried out.
For the computation, few additional data were reasonably assumed.
Fig.3: Comparison of BEM computed results with field data and p-y curve results.
To carry out the cyclic analysis, the following additional soil data has been reasonably assumed [8], in absence of relevant field data: A = 0.025; B = 8.5; F = 0.1; λr = 6.59 mm/minute.
The solution so developed has been validated by comparing with field test data and existing theoretical model.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Li Li Feng, Yang Liu
According to the above analysis, the numbers of reduction furnaces are not enough, and the increase of number, the rate of operation in reduction furnaces can be improved effectively, thus increasing capacity.
Through analyzing the data, the number of reduction furnace is A, the number of is B, and the optimized capacity is X, so the following relation can be satisfied.
B=2A X=78A There should be 64 distillation furnaces matching reduction furnaces.
As for different number of reduction furnaces before and after optimization, the capacity of distillation is showing in table 4: Table 4 The corresponding capacity of different matching of reduction furnace and distillation furnace Reduction furnace Distillation furnace Reduction: distillation capacity 32 47 1:3 2053 32 64 1:2 2496 The Influence of Assembling Time.
Keep 32 reduction furnaces, and add distillation furnaces to 64.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Jian Zhang, Xiao Ning Zheng, Yan Dong Li, Bo Diao
The mass loss, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, elastic modulus and other relative data were measured.
The mass loss, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, elastic modulus and other relative data after different number of freeze-thaw cycles were measured and recorded.
When N=100, the reductions of compressive strength and elastic modulus were 5.09% and 5.22%, respectively; When N=200, the reductions were 16.87% and 14.78%; After 300 cycles the reductions were 35.6% and 35.07%, respectively.
According to GB82-85, concrete specimens are considered as damaged when the reduction of compressive strength is larger than 25%, therefore, the HSC in this test did not show good frost resistance in aspect of compressive strength after 300 cycles.
It can be observed that the peak stress and its corresponding strain both decreased with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, which indicated the reduction of rigidity and deformability, and the acceleration of deterioration of concrete.
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