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Online since: December 2014
Authors: Naděžda Klabusayová
Waste reduction and increase in the efficiency of manufacturing processes is a long-term, systematic matter, which requires the utilization of appropriate methods and methodologies.
Therefore, this papers points out the growing importance of utilizing certain methods and principles which lead to the reduction of inefficient costs.
The aim of the analysis is to collect necessary data, understand these data and create conditions for plan establishment [2].
For the value stream mapping the data which can be found automatically or manually are necessary.
Consequent elaboration of these data is executed by various software tools.
Therefore, this papers points out the growing importance of utilizing certain methods and principles which lead to the reduction of inefficient costs.
The aim of the analysis is to collect necessary data, understand these data and create conditions for plan establishment [2].
For the value stream mapping the data which can be found automatically or manually are necessary.
Consequent elaboration of these data is executed by various software tools.
Online since: November 2020
Authors: Renáta Oriňáková, Martin Kupka, Miriam Kupková, Radka Gorejová
This was most likely caused by a reduction in oxygen flow through the coating to iron-oxide cathodes, which has enhanced the influence of diffusion control on the kinetics of reduction reaction.
The surface structure comprises micropores and cracks through which the products of reduction escaped from the particles.
The beneficial effect of an iron phosphate conversion coating on the specimen stiffness is manifested by data listed in Table 1.
This reduced the limiting diffusion current density for oxygen reduction, iD, which resulted in a significant deviation from activation control of a cathodic reaction.
The presence of an iron phosphate coating has slowed down the degradation rate to about 80 % of that for bare specimens, most probably by restricting the flow of oxygen to sites where its reduction takes place.
The surface structure comprises micropores and cracks through which the products of reduction escaped from the particles.
The beneficial effect of an iron phosphate conversion coating on the specimen stiffness is manifested by data listed in Table 1.
This reduced the limiting diffusion current density for oxygen reduction, iD, which resulted in a significant deviation from activation control of a cathodic reaction.
The presence of an iron phosphate coating has slowed down the degradation rate to about 80 % of that for bare specimens, most probably by restricting the flow of oxygen to sites where its reduction takes place.
Online since: March 2010
Authors: Xin He, Jie Jin
The main concerns about such a process of profiled cans are to avoid wall
thickness reduction, wrinkling and bursting.
The forming methods include bulging, bas-relief, reduction pressure shaping and shell nosing [3].
Related Data of Can's �umerical Simulation Model's Geometry Parameter.
It is a conflict with material saving and cost reduction.
At last, the average data are compared with the simulation data illustrated in Fig. 8.
The forming methods include bulging, bas-relief, reduction pressure shaping and shell nosing [3].
Related Data of Can's �umerical Simulation Model's Geometry Parameter.
It is a conflict with material saving and cost reduction.
At last, the average data are compared with the simulation data illustrated in Fig. 8.
Online since: October 2006
Authors: Hadis Morkoç, F. Yun, H.O. Everitt, Ümit Özgür, Cole W. Litton, Y. Fu, Y.T. Moon
The
linewidth of the asymmetric X-Ray diffraction (XRD) )2110( peak decreases considerably with the
use of SiN and TiN layers, indicating the reduction in threading dislocation density.
Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis of the SiN [1] and the TiN [2] network samples, indeed showed up to an order of magnitude reduction in the density of threading dislocations in the overgrown GaN layer.
The solid lines are biexponential fits to the data.
Figure 2(a) shows the TRPL data for the samples with AlN buffer layers.
Figure 2(b) shows the TRPL data for the TiN network samples (15 and 30 min nitridation samples and the control sample) and an hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE)-grown 200 µm-thick freestanding GaN.
Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis of the SiN [1] and the TiN [2] network samples, indeed showed up to an order of magnitude reduction in the density of threading dislocations in the overgrown GaN layer.
The solid lines are biexponential fits to the data.
Figure 2(a) shows the TRPL data for the samples with AlN buffer layers.
Figure 2(b) shows the TRPL data for the TiN network samples (15 and 30 min nitridation samples and the control sample) and an hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE)-grown 200 µm-thick freestanding GaN.
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Shou Juan Zhang, Quan Zhou
Frequent itemset mining leads to the discovery of associations and correlations among items in large data sets.
Class Association Rules Mining In the proposed algorithm, each rule’s antecedences are features of the data set D while its consequences are class attributes.
Output: The selected feature subset F of the data set D.
The 10 real data sets come from UCI machine learning repository[5],which have various dimensional feature numbers various from7to34, including different attribute types(Boolean, numeric, nominal, etc.).Some data sets contain missing values.
This algorithm can offer an available preprocess technique for pattern recognition, machine learning and data mining.
Class Association Rules Mining In the proposed algorithm, each rule’s antecedences are features of the data set D while its consequences are class attributes.
Output: The selected feature subset F of the data set D.
The 10 real data sets come from UCI machine learning repository[5],which have various dimensional feature numbers various from7to34, including different attribute types(Boolean, numeric, nominal, etc.).Some data sets contain missing values.
This algorithm can offer an available preprocess technique for pattern recognition, machine learning and data mining.
Online since: January 2004
Authors: A. Kirfel, Wolfgang Schäfer, E. Jansen, J. Palacios
The longtime stability of copper textures has been periodically monitored over 12 years
by neutron diffraction pole figure measurements on a cold rolled and a partially recrystallized
copper specimen, always using the same diffractometer and the same procedure of data analysis.
Experimental and Data Analysis The texture is analysed by neutron diffraction pole figure measurements performed in approximately two years intervals using the University of Bonn texture diffractometer SV7 which is installed at a thermal beam tube of the FRJ-2 in the Forschungszentrum Jülich [3].
The total data collection time was about 24 h per sample.
Variable parameters to be refined from experimental pole figure data are (1) the total intensity which indicates the volume share of all crystallites belonging to the considered component, and (2) the profile halfwidth which characterizes the angular spread of individual crystallite orientations.
Since the experimental data represent snapshots of only two, though in view of preparation well defined texturized samples, our results are not considered representative of texture developments in general.
Experimental and Data Analysis The texture is analysed by neutron diffraction pole figure measurements performed in approximately two years intervals using the University of Bonn texture diffractometer SV7 which is installed at a thermal beam tube of the FRJ-2 in the Forschungszentrum Jülich [3].
The total data collection time was about 24 h per sample.
Variable parameters to be refined from experimental pole figure data are (1) the total intensity which indicates the volume share of all crystallites belonging to the considered component, and (2) the profile halfwidth which characterizes the angular spread of individual crystallite orientations.
Since the experimental data represent snapshots of only two, though in view of preparation well defined texturized samples, our results are not considered representative of texture developments in general.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Marwa Sleem, Yousra Alkabani, Ali Rashed, Attif Ibraheem
Encryption/ decryption circuits are one of the best candidates for low power implementation, as they are needed to maintain the privacy and security of user data.
Introduction Cryptography is considered as a backbone for security of data transmission.
Increasing the data path to process the whole matrix of traditional MC modules instead of processing column by column to reach the goal of high throughput is utilized in [6].
AES internally processes data blocks as matrix of bytes called state.
AES algorithm is a symmetric blocks cipher that processes data block of 128, 192 and 256 bits using keys of the same length.
Introduction Cryptography is considered as a backbone for security of data transmission.
Increasing the data path to process the whole matrix of traditional MC modules instead of processing column by column to reach the goal of high throughput is utilized in [6].
AES internally processes data blocks as matrix of bytes called state.
AES algorithm is a symmetric blocks cipher that processes data block of 128, 192 and 256 bits using keys of the same length.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Bin Zhao, Di Ma
The sphere-like nano-Cu2O was prepared by chemical precipitation and reduction method, the different size of sample was obtained by adjusting reaction temperature and concentration of NaOH solution.
Comparing to the traditional treatments such as chemical reduction, ion exchange, electrochemical technics and activated carbon absorption, the photocatalytic process has been shown to be efficient for degradation and mineralization of various organic pollutants at room temperature and normal pressure.
But photocatalytic reduction of the chromium(VI)-containing waste water by Cu2O has been seldom concerned.
Fig. 1 XRD pattern of Cu2O prepared with temp. 20℃/NaOH conc. 2mol/L All the peaks in the Fig. 1 agree well with the reported data (JCPDS No.05-0667), no other peaks was observed, the four corresponding crystal plane (110),(111),(200) and(220)are identified as the main peak of Cu2O.
Table 1 The effect of particle size of sphere Cu2O to the photocatalytic property sample morphology Size(μm) Reduction rate(%) 1 sphere 2-3 78.3 2 sphere 4-5 75.5 3 sphere(inhomogeneous) 2-6 73.1 4 5 6 sphere(inhomogeneous,not smooth) 2-6 71.8 sphere(inhomogeneous,not smooth) 1-7 70.5 sphere 1-2 81.2 As shown in Table 1, excellent photocatalytic property can be obtained with smaller particle size, the decreased particle size leads to the BET surface area and the photocatalytic reaction sites increase, which will improve the photocatalytic activity.
Comparing to the traditional treatments such as chemical reduction, ion exchange, electrochemical technics and activated carbon absorption, the photocatalytic process has been shown to be efficient for degradation and mineralization of various organic pollutants at room temperature and normal pressure.
But photocatalytic reduction of the chromium(VI)-containing waste water by Cu2O has been seldom concerned.
Fig. 1 XRD pattern of Cu2O prepared with temp. 20℃/NaOH conc. 2mol/L All the peaks in the Fig. 1 agree well with the reported data (JCPDS No.05-0667), no other peaks was observed, the four corresponding crystal plane (110),(111),(200) and(220)are identified as the main peak of Cu2O.
Table 1 The effect of particle size of sphere Cu2O to the photocatalytic property sample morphology Size(μm) Reduction rate(%) 1 sphere 2-3 78.3 2 sphere 4-5 75.5 3 sphere(inhomogeneous) 2-6 73.1 4 5 6 sphere(inhomogeneous,not smooth) 2-6 71.8 sphere(inhomogeneous,not smooth) 1-7 70.5 sphere 1-2 81.2 As shown in Table 1, excellent photocatalytic property can be obtained with smaller particle size, the decreased particle size leads to the BET surface area and the photocatalytic reaction sites increase, which will improve the photocatalytic activity.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Ke Ke Hu, Zhen Hua Peng, Hai Bo Xu
Pollution reduction is the most fundamental way to improve river water quality.
According to river investigation data, the river water volume is 38.66 million m3 in the same conditions, with the error of 2.6%.
Due to a corresponding drainage gate records, statistical data of Ou Riverwater lift station and Chen’ao intake, and pollution survey data during the period of 2010-9-4 to 2010-10-30 which is the basis of parameter and model validation, and that water quality is close to multi-year mean value, this paer Selects this period for model validation period, and the simulation time is about 57 d
(1)Water level validation:The xishan station rainfall data is adapted.
The reduction of pollution load levels is adopted according to relevant results.
According to river investigation data, the river water volume is 38.66 million m3 in the same conditions, with the error of 2.6%.
Due to a corresponding drainage gate records, statistical data of Ou Riverwater lift station and Chen’ao intake, and pollution survey data during the period of 2010-9-4 to 2010-10-30 which is the basis of parameter and model validation, and that water quality is close to multi-year mean value, this paer Selects this period for model validation period, and the simulation time is about 57 d
(1)Water level validation:The xishan station rainfall data is adapted.
The reduction of pollution load levels is adopted according to relevant results.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Mohd Khairuladha Jamil, Mohamad Zikri Zainol, Abu Zaid Bakar, Mohd Ezwani Kadir, Abu Hanifah Abdullah
The United Nation (UN) data shows that Malaysia had emitted 187 million tonnes of Carbon.
These data again are tabulated in graphical form as reflected in Fig. 3 to Fig. 6.
Time CTric Electric Motor Characteristic From the data collected, the RPM is expected to decrease due to heat in coil resistance.
Referring to initial data collected using Modenas CTric Electric Engine, the static thrust produce by the engine reduce dramatically after 9th minutes.
Acknowledgment Special appreciation to Syafiq Bahri & Mohd Muiz Md Salleh for helping in acquiring the bench test data.
These data again are tabulated in graphical form as reflected in Fig. 3 to Fig. 6.
Time CTric Electric Motor Characteristic From the data collected, the RPM is expected to decrease due to heat in coil resistance.
Referring to initial data collected using Modenas CTric Electric Engine, the static thrust produce by the engine reduce dramatically after 9th minutes.
Acknowledgment Special appreciation to Syafiq Bahri & Mohd Muiz Md Salleh for helping in acquiring the bench test data.