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Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 3Department of Civil Engineering, University Tahri Mohamed of Bechar, Bechar 08000, Algeria 4Mechanics Laboratory of Lille, CNRS UMR 8107, University of Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France 5Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt 6Laboratory of Materials and Hydrology (LMH), University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, Algeria amokhtar.ellali@gmail.com, bzenkour@kau.edu.sa, cbouazza.mokhtar@univ-bechar.dz, dnoureddine.benseddiq@univ-lille.fr Keywords: FG nanobeams; gradient elasticity; thermal buckling; porosity effects; trigonometric shear displacement deformation mode Abstract.
They are used in very different applications, such as reactor vessels, fusion energy devices, biomedical industries, airplanes, space vehicles, defense industries, and other engineering structures [1-3].

Comparative Study on the Effect of Different Rubber Waste as Filler on Recycled Polyvinylchloride Composites Kee Yee Hang1,a, Mathialagan Muniyadi1,b* and Yamuna Munusamy1,c 1Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar Campus, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia akeeyeehang@1utar.my, b*mathialagan@utar.edu.my, cyamunam@utar.edu.my Keywords: Polyvinylchloride; waste tire powder; industrial rubber waste; polymer recycling; polymer composites Abstract.
Rubbers ranging from natural and synthetic resources are widely used in many domestic and industrial applications such as conveyor belts, rubber bearings, pipe seal rings, protective clothing and footwear, hoses, household utensils, healthcare products, military appliances, automotive, civil and outer space applications etc [12].

Miao1; 1University of Science and Technology Beijing, School of Civil and Resource Engineering, Beijing/CN Microbial heap leaching is an effective way to extract metals from copper sulfide ores.
Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering.
Biological Sciences and Medicine, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Santiago/RCH; 5TU Bergakademie Freiberg/Donghua University, Changsha/CN 064 Immobilization of Arsenic by a thermoacidophilic mixed culture with pyrite as energy source S.
Inoue1; 1Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai City/J; 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai/J 083 Identifying the mechanisms of chloride ion tolerance in halotolerant acidophiles H.
Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Scienes, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering.

Friedrich, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 73 (2006) 2375
Mai, Composites Part B: Engineering, 39 (2008) 933
Chen, Polymer Engineering & Science, 50 (2010) 1809
Leskovac, Polymer Engineering & Science, 48 (2008) 1994
Narkis, Polymer Engineering & Science, 11 (1971) 194

Numerical Investigation of Laminar Flow and Heat Transfer in a Bifurcated Backwards-Facing Step in the Presence of an Elastic Fin Mohammed Benyahia1,a*, Fayçal Bouzit1,b, Abderrahim Mokhefi2,3,c, Mohamed Bouzit1,d 1Laboratory of Maritime Sciences and Engineering LSIM Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Oran, Mohamed Boudiaf, El Mnaouar, B.P.1505, 31000, Oran, Algeria 2Mechanic Department, LTE Laboratory, National Polytechnic School of Oran, BP 1523 El Mnaouer 31000- Oran, Algeria. 3Mechanics, Modeling and Experimentation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tahri Mohamed University of Bechar, B.P.417, Bechar 08000, Algeria.
Whether it is to regulate pressure, prevent deposits in pipelines, or reduce drag around ship hulls, these objectives are often achieved through specific engineering techniques.
Due to this significant advantage, the backward-facing step (BFS) flow, a canonical problem in fluid dynamics, has been extensively studied due to its relevance in numerous engineering applications [5,6].
This phenomenon is observed across various domains, such as aerospace, civil, marine, and biomechanical engineering [29-33].
These critical positions represent equilibrium points, which engineers can leverage to balance flow rates in industrial applications according to specific operational requirements.

Wijeyewickrema1 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan Keywords: Bimaterial wedge, Imperfect interface, Orthotropic material, Stress singularity ABSTRACT � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

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Performance Evaluation of Extracted Asphalt Binders from Field Cores Containing Recycled Components: Load- and Non-Load-Associated Cracking Resistance Eslam Deef-Allah1,a* and Magdy Abdelrahman1,b 1Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, U.S.A.

Shanab2,b* 1Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt 2Engineering Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt *Corresponding author.
Farokhi, A review on the mechanics of nanostructures, International Journal of Engineering Science 133 (2018) 231-263
Tounsi, Static stability analysis of carbon nanotube reinforced polymeric composite doubly curved micro-shell panels, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 21(4) (2021) 1-15
Hasheminejad, Surface effects on nonlinear free vibration of nanobeams, Composites Part B: Engineering 42 (2011) 934-937
Yazdi, Nonlinear free vibrations of functionally graded nanobeams with surface effects, Composites Part B: Engineering 45 (2013) 581-586

Venkataramanj,* President, Indian National Academy of Engineering, President-Research PSG Institutions, Coimbatore - 641 004, India * Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam - 603 102, India abaldev.dr@gmail.com (corresponding author), bkamachi@igcar.gov.in, cmvl@igcar.gov.in, dmathew@igcar.gov.in, ebhaduri@igcar.gov.in, fpcp@igcar.gov.in, gvenu@igcar.gov.in, hcss@igcar.gov.in, ibpcrao@igcar.gov.in, jbvenkat@igcar.gov.in Keywords: historical review of development of stainless steels, stainless steels in sodium cooled fast spectrum reactor applications, design principles, modelling aided alloy development, fabricability, weldability and stainless steels for aggressive environments in back end of nuclear fuel cycle.
Development of stainless steel for civil aircrafts, military, automobiles, electrical power plants and high temperature boiler plants had occurred over this period.
It is predicted that in the coming decades of the 21st century, stainless steels shall witness: · New compositions and microstructures based on a variety of modelling approaches, validated performance benchmarks with minimal experiments enabled by large experiences and validated knowledge basis, for applications in emerging sustainable technologies · Impetus to improved design, manufacturing, long life and life cycle strategies with existing and newer stainless steels · Cost reduction in energy and other input resources arising out of improved recycling manufacturing and achieving quality definitions over the life cycle of components and plants · Evolution of intelligent and defect tolerant stainless steels and components with exploitation of vast knowledge bases leading to high dependence on virtual manufacturing · Bio-inspired composite materials with surface engineered stainless steels for applications, not yet envisaged.
Edmonds, Phase Transformations in Steels, Woodhead Publishing Series in Metals and Surface Engineering No 57, Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Cambridge, UK, 2012