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Agnew, Materials Science and Engineering A, 462 (2007) p. 29 [3] J.
Barnett, Materials Science and Engineering A, 464 (2007) p. 1 [9] M.R.
Barnett, Materials Science and Engineering A, 464 (2007) p. 8 [10] S.
Materials Science and Engineering A, 379 (2004) p. 258 [11] Y.
Barnett, Scripta Materialia, 59 (2008) p. 696 [15] Su-Tang Chiou, Hsien-Lung Tsai, Woei-Shyan Lee, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209 (2009) p. 2282 [16] M.

Preparation and Characterization of Sodium Lignosulfonate/PCL Composite Xuping Yang1a, Chi Zhang*2,3b, Ye Zhou2c, Jing Xu2d, Wenbin Yang1e 1State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China. 2Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, China; Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China. 3School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private bag92019, 1142, Auckland, New Zealand ayangxuping@swust.edu.cn; b*zcbomac@gmail.com; czhouyezi@yahoo.com.cn; dxujingrb@yahoo.com; eyangwenbin@swust.edu.cn Keywords: sodium lignosulfonate (LS); polycaprolactone (PCL); composite Abstract.
Experiment Materials.
Lignin: historical, biological, and materials perspectives.
Novel applications of lignin in composite materials.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2002, 83: 323-331 [7] Li Jianchun, He Yong, Yoshio Inoue.

· endurance limit of virgin materials
· ultimate stress of virgin material · Kf ,a : constant materials.
Materials & Design, 32(10), 4986-4993
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 17(4), 550-560
In Key Engineering Materials (Vol. 627, pp. 153-156).

In batch processes, operation conditions and raw materials demand contain time-related variables, which make the modeling, solving process, and optimization more complex than in the continuous processes.
Buckley: Journal of Environmental Management Vol. 78(2005), p. 317
Tan: Journal of Cleaner Production Vol. 13(2005), p. 1381
Lee: Chemical Engineering Science Vol. 63(2008), p. 3740
EI-Halwagi: AIChE Journal Vol. 54(2008), p. 2624 [15] J.

(1) Materials Preparation Material selection.
Sujan, “Self Compacting Concrete from Waste Materials & Blended Fine Aggregate”, Materials and Design; vol. 55, 2014, pp. 410–415 [3]L.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.251, 2002;pp.242–247 [8] PooyaLahijania, ZainalAlimuddinZainala, Abdul RahmanMohamedb.
Journal of composites materials.”
Materials & Design, vol.46 (0), 2013; 391-410

Methodology Chemicals and Materials. ƙ-carrageenan (molecular weight: 788.7 g/mol) powder was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Malaysia.
Khademhosseini, Photocrosslinkable kappa‐carrageenan hydrogels for tissue engineering applications, Advanced healthcare materials 2(6) (2013) 895-907
Kanbara, Effect of Purification Solvent on Polymer Impurities and Device Performance, ACS Applied Polymer Materials 1(8) (2019) 2083-2088
Wicklein, The use of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for quantification of adsorbed compounds, Journal of Spectroscopy 2015 (2015) 1-8
Papageorgiou, Recycling of polymers from plastic packaging materials using the dissolution–reprecipitation technique, Polymer Bulletin 63(3) (2009) 449-465

Ouyang: Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 12(2001), p. 13-16
Chen: Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 154(2008), p. 42-46
Zhao: Wood Resource Materials Science.
Li: Biomass Composite Materials.
Li: Wood Science.

Thanks to its durability, low basic weight, colouring ability and shape diversity, glass fibre reinforced concrete may properly replace natural materials [8].
Because they are made of light-weight materials, they are mostly used as cladding elements for façades of multi-storey buildings exposed to hard external conditions.
Korniejenko (Eds.), Innovative, cost effective and eco-friendly fibre-based materials for construction industry, Cracow University of Technology Press, 2015, pp. 79-91
Ramana, Behaviour of slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON) on simply supported two way slabs in flexure, Indian Journal of Engineering Material Science, Vol. 12 (2005) 427-433
Gnaneswar, Behaviour of steel reinforced slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON) two way slabs in punching shear, Indian Journal of Engineering Material Science, Vol. 15 (2008) 334-342

Materials and Methods Raw Materials.
Marchi et al.: Materials Research Bulletin Vol. 42 (2007), p.1040
Acchar: Materials Science Forum Vols 798-799 (2014), 466
:Materials Research Vol. 17 (2014), p. 39
:Materials Chemistry and Physics Vol. 117 (2009), p. 86

The temperature dependent mechanical and physical material properties for 316L stainless steel used in the analyses are detailed in [7].
The effect of phase transformation on residual stress and distortion was not considered important for the stainless steel material.
[2] Kingston, E.J., Stefanescu, D., Mahmoudi, A.H., Truman, C.E., Smith, D.J., Journal of ASTM International, April 2006, Vol. 3, No.3
Ozel, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 42(10): 2013-2029, 2000
Smith, Materials Science and Engineering A 373 (1–2): 339–349, 2004