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Online since: October 2013
Authors: Cheng Ming Li, Jie Shen, Hui Liu, Zhe Shi, Jun Lin Qiu, Li Zhong Xu
The main features of grinding production process optimization includes mill gradation optimization, the extraction of cement grinding process real-time data and historical data, the analysis and prediction of cement grinding process online real-time data, the data mining and intelligent analysis of cement grinding process historical data, expert optimization control and process optimization for cement grinding process.
The method combined with mathematical models, physical and chemical mechanisms, real-time detection data in DCS database, historical data, existing experience and integrated use of regression analysis, neural network, support vector machine, expert knowledge etc to estimate and validate the process parameters which are hard to be measured.
(2) For the operation characteristics of large time delay and strong coupling, time-varying, nonlinear kiln system/grinding system is difficult to be modeled, the paper develops a method based on mechanism, dynamic data, knowledge modeling and multi-model ensemble.
By applying the complex system methods of AI and MBC, based on the analytical inference mechanism that combines expert knowledge bank, historical data and in time data of DCS system, take in time record as fact and inference which output a series of control movement signals that achieved the best result of whole control of VST /grinding system in product quality, product quantity and energy consuming under variety of conditions
In a word, cement production has a great influence on energy saving and emission reduction goals and great social responsibility.
The method combined with mathematical models, physical and chemical mechanisms, real-time detection data in DCS database, historical data, existing experience and integrated use of regression analysis, neural network, support vector machine, expert knowledge etc to estimate and validate the process parameters which are hard to be measured.
(2) For the operation characteristics of large time delay and strong coupling, time-varying, nonlinear kiln system/grinding system is difficult to be modeled, the paper develops a method based on mechanism, dynamic data, knowledge modeling and multi-model ensemble.
By applying the complex system methods of AI and MBC, based on the analytical inference mechanism that combines expert knowledge bank, historical data and in time data of DCS system, take in time record as fact and inference which output a series of control movement signals that achieved the best result of whole control of VST /grinding system in product quality, product quantity and energy consuming under variety of conditions
In a word, cement production has a great influence on energy saving and emission reduction goals and great social responsibility.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Jian Wei Huang
B=constant determined using the time shift of two known curves based on accelerated ageing test, as follows: by simply taking the ratio of the time values required for the specified strength loss from data at two different temperatures, TSFT1−T2 can be obtained, then B value can be solved, after which any TSF for temperature T other than T1 and T2 can be obtained by substituting the temperature T value into the equation with a reference temperature T1 (or T2).
Two sets of aging data on the tensile strength retention of GFRP bars were reported at 20°C and 60 °C, respectively.
For example, for April, it should take 0.27 month at 20°C to give the same reduction under 1 month at 5.7 °C.
Per CSA-S806-02 [11], environmental reduction factor is specified as equal to 0.5, indicating the code gives safe reduction factor for the GFRP design in Ottawa, Ontario Province, Canada.
Current reduction factor in the code shall be safe for majority of concrete applications.
Two sets of aging data on the tensile strength retention of GFRP bars were reported at 20°C and 60 °C, respectively.
For example, for April, it should take 0.27 month at 20°C to give the same reduction under 1 month at 5.7 °C.
Per CSA-S806-02 [11], environmental reduction factor is specified as equal to 0.5, indicating the code gives safe reduction factor for the GFRP design in Ottawa, Ontario Province, Canada.
Current reduction factor in the code shall be safe for majority of concrete applications.
Online since: February 2019
Authors: Andrey N. Dmitriev, Galina Yu. Vitkina, R.V. Petukhov, Elena A. Vyaznikova
Reduction Roasting of Titaniferous Ores
A.N.
These mathematical models, among others, allow us to use the metallurgical characteristics of iron ore as the initial data, including in the two-dimensional version.
Diffractogram of pellets Р3 Metallurgical Properties of Agglomerate and Pellets According to the method described above, the physicochemical properties of the investigated agglomerate and pellets (mechanical strength, reducibility, softening and melting points, reduction strength) were determined.
According to the data obtained, agglomerate and pellets correspond to the current requirements for the initial and final softening temperatures.
These mathematical models, among others, allow us to use the metallurgical characteristics of iron ore as the initial data, including in the two-dimensional version.
Diffractogram of pellets Р3 Metallurgical Properties of Agglomerate and Pellets According to the method described above, the physicochemical properties of the investigated agglomerate and pellets (mechanical strength, reducibility, softening and melting points, reduction strength) were determined.
According to the data obtained, agglomerate and pellets correspond to the current requirements for the initial and final softening temperatures.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: Jie Xu, Sheng Li Li, Xing Dong Peng, Mei Ling Wang
The results showed that when carbon content was 0.04%, adding aluminum content or reducing silicon content and manganese content, reducing the reduction in previous rolling passes and increasing the reduction of the finishing pass at high temperature was beneficial for reducing the yield strength and tensile strength of the hot rolled strips.
C Mn Si S P Al A1 and A2 0.046 0.15 0.04 0.0043 0.0088 0.021 B1 and B2 0.041 0.16 0.05 0.0041 0.0083 0 In Fig. 1, the results showed that the main microstructure of the samples included ferrite and very little pearlite scattering along the grain boundary with the mean grain size of (A1:28um, B1:27.13um; A2:14.15um, B2:11.55um), and it can be deduced that increasing the reduction of the finishing rolling pass was beneficial, especially in the previous, increasing rolling passes and decreasing the reduction of each pass.
Three samples were tested at each level and fatigue life was calculated after data processing.
Fig. 8 Pictures of support parts after stamping Conclusions When carbon content was 0.04%, it was beneficial for reducing the yield strength and tensile strength by adding aluminum or reducing silicon and manganese, reducing the reduction in the previous rolling passes, and increasing the reduction of the finishing pass at high temperature, which was used to reduce the yield and tensile strength.
C Mn Si S P Al A1 and A2 0.046 0.15 0.04 0.0043 0.0088 0.021 B1 and B2 0.041 0.16 0.05 0.0041 0.0083 0 In Fig. 1, the results showed that the main microstructure of the samples included ferrite and very little pearlite scattering along the grain boundary with the mean grain size of (A1:28um, B1:27.13um; A2:14.15um, B2:11.55um), and it can be deduced that increasing the reduction of the finishing rolling pass was beneficial, especially in the previous, increasing rolling passes and decreasing the reduction of each pass.
Three samples were tested at each level and fatigue life was calculated after data processing.
Fig. 8 Pictures of support parts after stamping Conclusions When carbon content was 0.04%, it was beneficial for reducing the yield strength and tensile strength by adding aluminum or reducing silicon and manganese, reducing the reduction in the previous rolling passes, and increasing the reduction of the finishing pass at high temperature, which was used to reduce the yield and tensile strength.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Wei Xin Ling, Ling Ling
Retrieval Algorithm of Images and Its Applications in Recognition of Metallographic Pictures
Ling Ling1, a and Ling Wei Xin2,b
1College of Mechatronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
2School of Mathematical Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
agzlingling7@yahoo.com.cn, blingweixin@21cn.com
Keywords: Metallographic picture, Image retrieval, Image database, Data model.
The experimental results show that the data model of image color features in precise and high effective terms can be established and described by this algorithm, and the satisfactory results are obtained by applying the algorithm to the recognition of metallographic pictures for metallic materials.
As the increase and reduction of image database, the reference color table will become more and more inaccurate, thus making retrieval precision drop.
In order to make the widest possible reduction of some experiences face object in image retrieval algorithm and to make the image retrieval have more versatility as far as possible, a suitable standard color table should be chosen to establish the database based on image retrieval.
The experimental results show that the data model of image color features in precise and high effective terms can be established and described by this algorithm, and the satisfactory results are obtained by applying the algorithm to the recognition of metallographic pictures for metallic materials.
As the increase and reduction of image database, the reference color table will become more and more inaccurate, thus making retrieval precision drop.
In order to make the widest possible reduction of some experiences face object in image retrieval algorithm and to make the image retrieval have more versatility as far as possible, a suitable standard color table should be chosen to establish the database based on image retrieval.
Online since: September 2021
Authors: Bebe Adrian Olei, Iulian Ştefan, Ionel Dănuț Savu, Gabriel Constantin Benga, Sorin Vasile Savu
All the data obtained with this thermal device were digitally processed in order to extract the two TG and DTA curves.
Heating device Furnaces 1000oC Data acquisition system Computer Thermocouples 1500oC Nitrogen Fig. 1 Heating device for determining the barium monoferrite pyrosynthesis temperatures Each green sample was placed in a refractory crucible.
The data acquisition system takes the digital quantities into the computer and records seven curves in a single file, as it can be seen in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 Recorded data during heating of Fe2O3+BaCO3 sample The recorded data were digitally processed in order to extract the two TG and DTA curves and identify the pyrosynthesis thermal range of the compound.
From the data obtained in the particle size analysis, it can be concluded that the iron oxides used in the experiments have particles in the micro domain, but also particles at the nano range limit.
Heating device Furnaces 1000oC Data acquisition system Computer Thermocouples 1500oC Nitrogen Fig. 1 Heating device for determining the barium monoferrite pyrosynthesis temperatures Each green sample was placed in a refractory crucible.
The data acquisition system takes the digital quantities into the computer and records seven curves in a single file, as it can be seen in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 Recorded data during heating of Fe2O3+BaCO3 sample The recorded data were digitally processed in order to extract the two TG and DTA curves and identify the pyrosynthesis thermal range of the compound.
From the data obtained in the particle size analysis, it can be concluded that the iron oxides used in the experiments have particles in the micro domain, but also particles at the nano range limit.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: M. Azharul Karim, Mubarak Aljuhani, Ray Duplock, Prasad Yarlagadda
The results reported in this paper are based on data collected from a survey using a standard questionnaire administered to 120 manufacturers in Saudi Arabia.
The questionnaire was used to collect data from related industries in Saudi Arabia.
For example correlation between comprehensive lean implementation and inventory reduction is 0.613 at significance level 0 (p=0.00).
Data analyses were conducted using two analysis programs, namely SPSS for Windows (version 18.0) and CART from Salford Systems (version 6.0).
From data analysis, results and findings are documented and discussed.
The questionnaire was used to collect data from related industries in Saudi Arabia.
For example correlation between comprehensive lean implementation and inventory reduction is 0.613 at significance level 0 (p=0.00).
Data analyses were conducted using two analysis programs, namely SPSS for Windows (version 18.0) and CART from Salford Systems (version 6.0).
From data analysis, results and findings are documented and discussed.
Online since: October 2009
Authors: Robert P. Mertens, Emanuele Cornagliotti, Harold F.W. Dekkers, Caterina Prastani, Joachim John, Emmanuel Van Kerschaver, Jef Poortmans
Data at
low injection level has been measured with the help of a lock-in based setup [16].
The discontinuity in the data plot marks the switch between QSSPC data and Lock-In QSSPC data [16].
In n-type Si no data fitting was possible for the as-cut material, after the RTA (extremely low Nt) and for all the sample not diffused before a-SiNx:H deposition.
Note that for the n-type data the role of surface non-recombinative traps is not experimentally excluded.
Note that the LBIC data was corrected for different reflectance (not shown in fig. 5).
The discontinuity in the data plot marks the switch between QSSPC data and Lock-In QSSPC data [16].
In n-type Si no data fitting was possible for the as-cut material, after the RTA (extremely low Nt) and for all the sample not diffused before a-SiNx:H deposition.
Note that for the n-type data the role of surface non-recombinative traps is not experimentally excluded.
Note that the LBIC data was corrected for different reflectance (not shown in fig. 5).
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Xin Dai, Dong Wang
Existing nitrogen oxides (NOx) control technology primarily depends on selective catalytic reduction (SCR) method.
The total NO removal efficiency formula used for experimental data analysis in this paper is defined as follow: η= (1) Cin: Initial NO concentration.
N atom cannot react directly with C2H4, the way to remove NO is still the reduction reaction 3.
The experiment data in NO/N2 system is added for contrast.
Boulder: JILA Data Center, (1985) [9] Mahmud K, Marshall P, and Fontijn A: The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 91(1987), P. 1568 [10] Zhu AiMin, Qin Sun, Jin HaiLiu, and Yong Xu: Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 25(2005), P. 371
The total NO removal efficiency formula used for experimental data analysis in this paper is defined as follow: η= (1) Cin: Initial NO concentration.
N atom cannot react directly with C2H4, the way to remove NO is still the reduction reaction 3.
The experiment data in NO/N2 system is added for contrast.
Boulder: JILA Data Center, (1985) [9] Mahmud K, Marshall P, and Fontijn A: The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 91(1987), P. 1568 [10] Zhu AiMin, Qin Sun, Jin HaiLiu, and Yong Xu: Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 25(2005), P. 371
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Fang Guo, Wei Gu, Jie Jun Tang, Ming Hai Murong
In recent years, more and more scholars adopt the numerical simulation methods to analyze slope stability, and the typical numerical simulation method is FLAC3D strength reduction method which based on finite difference.
According to survey data, slope rock formations and excavation sequence diagram is shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 Diagram of slope grid model Result and analysis The horizontal and vertical displacement change of monitoring points during staged excavation and the rule of plastic zone development in the process of excavation have been discussed, and calculated the change trend of slope safety factor using the strength reduction method during slope excavation process.
The safety factor was less than 1 when the slope excavated to stage 7, and the slope existed instability risk .Compare the results of strength reduction method and limit equilibrium method, the change rule and the value of safety factor were almost coincident, and showed calculation on slope safety factor is reliable.
Connected shear plastic zone formed in weak intercalation, which created the precondition of potential slide surface; (3) based on the strength reduction method and limit equilibrium method calculation for stability analysis of slope excavation process, it can accurately reflect the change process of example slope stability.
According to survey data, slope rock formations and excavation sequence diagram is shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 Diagram of slope grid model Result and analysis The horizontal and vertical displacement change of monitoring points during staged excavation and the rule of plastic zone development in the process of excavation have been discussed, and calculated the change trend of slope safety factor using the strength reduction method during slope excavation process.
The safety factor was less than 1 when the slope excavated to stage 7, and the slope existed instability risk .Compare the results of strength reduction method and limit equilibrium method, the change rule and the value of safety factor were almost coincident, and showed calculation on slope safety factor is reliable.
Connected shear plastic zone formed in weak intercalation, which created the precondition of potential slide surface; (3) based on the strength reduction method and limit equilibrium method calculation for stability analysis of slope excavation process, it can accurately reflect the change process of example slope stability.