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Grains Ultra-refinement of Materials Imposed by Pulse Laser M.
Gleiter: Progress in Materials Science, Vol.33 (1989) No.4, pp.223
Tsenev: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol.137A (1991), pp.35
Lu: Materials and Science Engineering: Reports, Vol.16 (1996), pp.161
Lu: Materials and Science Engineering, Vol.286A (2000), pp.91

With the emergence of the LIGA and UV - LIGA technology, all kinds of metal, ceramic and polymer replacing silicon and silicon compounds have become the commonly used materials in MEMS.
With the development of MEMS technology and the extensive applications of the MEMS devices, it is required that the MEMS materials can have good mechanical properties to adapt to the harsh environment.
The system is capable of dynamic and static tests for a variety of materials and components.
References [1] Yi Futing, Research of LIGA Technology, Institute of High Energy physics chinese Academy of Science , 2000
[2]Libing Zheng, Gengchen Shi, Material Properties of LIGA Nickel Based on electroformed processing, Functional Materials and Devices Journal[J], 2010: 222-226

EDM characteristics of Inconel 718 and using control chart for process stable Shih-Hung Tai1,a, Chun-Yao Hsu2,b,*, Ching-Hung Su3,c and Ching I Lin1,d 1Department of Industrial Management, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan 3Department of Electronic Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan atai3662@mail.lhu.edu.tw, b,*cyhsu@mail.lhu.edu.tw, cchsu@mail.lhu.edu.tw, dljybibi@mail.lhu.edu.tw Keywords: micro milling EDM, electrode depletion, material removal rate, overcut, control charts, grey relational analysis and Taguchi method Abstract.
Since EDM is basically a thermal and mechanical material removal process, the electrical conditions supplied (such as electrical current, voltage, pulse duration, spark gap, and others) can be very important factors [1].
Rahman, Influences of pulsed power condition on the machining properties in micro EDM, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 190 (2007) pp. 73-76
Lauwers, Sensing and compensation of tool wear in milling EDM, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 149 (2004) pp. 139-146
Pandey, Some investigations into the electric discharge machining of hardened tool steel using different electrode materials, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 149 (2004) pp. 272-277.

Development of Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMG) with good mechanical and soft magnetic properties has become a major objective in the materials science field.
The values recorded for hardness and fracture strength includes this alloy in the category of high resistant materials. 1.
The Fe60Co14Ga2P10B5Si3Al3C3 BMG exhibits high hardness of 825 HV and high fracture strength of 2458 MPa placing it in the hard materials category.
Shek, Bulk metallic glasses, Materials Science and Engineering R 44, (2004) [3] M.
Greer, Mechanical properties of Fe-based bulk glassy alloys in Fe–B–Si–Nb and Fe–Ga–P–C–B–Si systems, Journal of Materials Research 18, (2003)

In ductile materials (like aluminium alloy), subjected to appropriate loading conditions, voids will form in the material, grow, then coalesce, leading to crack formation and potentially, failure.
Gurson studied microscopic voids in materials and derived a set of modified constitutive equations for elasto-plastic materials.
Acknowledgements This work was carried out with the financial support of Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education under research project in the framework of the Eureka Initiative.
Journal of KONES 14 (2007), p. 465-474
Tvergaard: On localization in ductile materials containing spherical voids.

Pan: Journal Of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 187-188 (2007), p. 392-396
Pater: Journal Of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 92-93 (1999), p. 468-473
Hu: Journal Of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 187-188 (2007), p. 752-756
Du: Journal Of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 172 (2006), p. 202-207
Pater: Journal Of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 138 (2003), p. 176-182

Journal of Materials Processing Technology 149, 272–277
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 149 (1-3), 393
Journal of Materials Science, Volume 44, Issue 8, 1934-1951
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 140, (1), 243
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 140, 303

Fig. 2 Six kinds of composite filter materials In the model test, the different composite filter materials including six new filter materials and a non-woven textile, were used and wrapped on the displacement hull.
Fig. 3 Curves under different materials test of Fig. 4 Curves under different materials test pump quantity of water as time changes of average settlement as time changes Fig. 5 presents the variation of the pumping rate for the different filter materials.
It demonstrates that, the draining characteristic of the PVA-2 filter material is the most efficient among these composite materials.
Acknowledgements This study was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 51109070).
Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2005, 42(4): 1094-1104

Spine LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is considered as one of the most attractive cathode materials due to its high operating voltage (at about 4.7V vs Li+) and high specific energy of 658 Wh kg-1, which is much higher than commercial cathode materials such as LiCoO2 (518 Wh kg-1), LiMn2O4 (400 Wh kg-1), LiFePO4 (495 Wh kg-1), and LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 (576 Wh kg-1).
The structural properties and electrochemical performances of the as-obtained materials are investigated and reported below . 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Synthesis and characterization Li2CO3 (99%, Aladdin), MnO2 (90%, Aladdin), NiO (99.9%, Aladdin), and Nd2O3 (99.9%, Aladdin) were used as raw materials.
Chiang, Science, 330, 1485 (2010) [2] J.M.
Tong, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2013, 138: 716–723
Nan, Chemistry of Materials. 2015, 27: 7734−7742 [23] Y.

There is no CaO content in both of the clay materials.
Both materials have plate-like structure.
Geopolymers and geopolymer new materials.
Applied Clay Science 58, 52-59
Jaurnal of Hazardous Materials 167 (2009) 82-88