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Growth and Structure of Zn1-XMnxCr2Se4 Single Crystals Izabela Jendrzejewska 1,a , Alicja Waśkowska2,b, ElŜbieta Augustyn 3,c 1 University of Silesia, Institute of Chemistry, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland, 2 Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences Okólna 2, 50-950 Wrocław, Poland, 3 Silesian University of Technology, Department of Materials Science, Krasinskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland a izajen@wp.pl, b waskowsk@int.pan.wroc.pl, c eaugustyn@polsl.pl Keywords: spinel, chemical transport, single crystals, crystal structure, X-ray analysis Abstract.
The compound MnCr2Se4 crystallizes in the Cr3S4 - type structure.
The structures were refined by the full-matrix least-squares method using SHELXL'97 program [7].
Details of the crystal data and a summary of X-ray data collection and structure refinement.
Sheldrick, SHELXL'97, Program for the Refinement of Crystal Structures.

Chemistry of Materials, 2007. 19(3): p. 393-401
[4] Liu, L., et al., Effects of coupling agents on structure and properties of polyimide/Al2O3 nanocomposite films.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013. 52(3): p. 1284-1290
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2008. 112(18): p. 5575-5584
Chemistry of Materials, 2003. 15(13): p. 2488-2491

Both graphite morphology and formation of carbides are controlled by inoculation, which mainly acts on the eutectic structure.
Since it solidifies first, the dendritic structure may also have a major influence on the nucleation and growth of eutectic cells.
This means that the primary structure may be important for the final properties.
Typically, eutectic to slightly hypereutectic chemistry of grey cast irons refer to metal mould castings [CE = 4.2-4.5%, ASTM A823] and thin wall castings [CE = 4.0-4.5%].
An iron powder was used, with the following chemistry (max. wt.%: 0.02C, 0.05Si, 0.2Mn, 0.015P, 0.015S, 0.3O2, Fe-bal) and characteristics (0.4-1.0 mm grain size, 2.7-3.0 g/cm3 apparent density).

However, the strength and life of concrete structures are determined by the microstructure and mass transfer at nano scale.
The physical structure of cement hydration products is such that flaws within cementitious composite exist at nanoscale.
To evaluate the morphology and structure of synthesized tri-calcium silicate (C3S) components, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X- ray diffraction (XRD) equipment were used.
The synthesized cement is found to contain conglomerated nano-particles with crystalline structures containing quantities of tri- and di- calcium silicate compounds as well as copper oxide.
A project is undertaken in joint collaboration of Department of Civil Engineering, BUET and Department of Chemistry, BUET to investigate the application of nano-silica within cement matrix.

Modelling work Crystal structures.
(Ed.), Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, A2, 5th ed., VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbh, Weinheim, 1985
On the Relations Between Structure and Morphology of Crystals.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 98: 10742 – 10749
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 112: 5163 – 5174

Rietveld crystal structure refinement of the X-ray diffraction data shows that La1−xNaxCoO3 (x≤0.3) crystallizes in the rhombohedral structure with space group .
Results and discussion Crystal structure analysis.
Due to this the Co–O bond would be compressed and the La/Na–O bond would be stretched and when the distortion is beyond the limit of the rhombohedral structure, the structure transformation takes place.
Chemistry of Materials, (2013), 25(6):927-934
Journal of Solid State Chemistry, (2014), 215(3):1-7.

There also appears the low peak of Fe2O3 structure at 26° and 30°.
The structure transformed from the Bi(OH)3 structure to the Bi25FeO40 after annealing.
XRD pattern shows Bi(OH)3 structure and Bi25FeO40 structure.
Zhao, An improved co-precipitation method to synthesize three bismuth ferrites synthesis and reactivity in inorganic, Metal-Organic and Nano-Metal Chemistry 44 (2014) 1363-1367
Gusarov, Influence of synthesis temperature on BiFeO3 nanoparticles formation, Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics 4 (2013) 696-705

Cheng, Z.B.Hu b College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China a xlxiao@mails.gucas.ac.cn, bhuzq@gucas.ac.cn Keywords: X-ray diffraction; Rietveld method; Thermal expansion; Crystal structure Abstract.
Their crystal structures and thermal expansion properties were investigated.
Results and Discussion Structure refinement.
Take Yb2Mo3O12 for example, its structure is consisted of Fig. 1.
Vertical bars indicate the position of Bragg peaks for the structures.

A simple, green synthesis of photochromic, monoclinic tungsten oxide fiber Ying-ming Xu, Xiao-li Cheng, Li-hua Huo*, Hui Zhao, Shan Gao, Xiao-hui Bai,Jian Ding, Zhi Wang Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, (PR China) email: lhhuo68@yahoo.com Keywords: Tungsten oxide, morphology, photochromic, simple synthesis Abstract.
Recently Julien et al.19 studied the effects of the bioligand deferoxamine mesylate on the crystallization and assembly behavior of tungsten oxide in a soft-chemistry process and obtained mixed morphology and uncontrollable sized products.
This structure is no longer changed even after two weeks of dialysis.
The composition and structure of fiber oxide are similar with the butterfly shaped oxide.
The peak at 1400 cm-1, belongs to the vibrations of δ(NH4), is an indicator for the presence of some kinds of NH4+ ions in the tungsten oxide structure.

The size, shape, crystal structure and finally the surface structure determine the photoactivity of the catalyst.
In fact, it has a band structure more suitable for the production of hydroxyl radicals, one of the more oxidant substances.
Iler: The Chemistry of Silica (Wiley, New York, 1979) [ix] S.
Zaban: Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 10 (2000), p. 2388- 2391.
Myers: Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 29, Nº 5, (1957), p. 760.