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Powder Injection Moulding of Alumina Using PEG/PVB Binder Systems Nutthita Chuankrerkkul1*, Pat Sooksaen2*, Piyawan Pakunthod2, Tutiyachan Kosalwit2 and Wanwara Pinthong2 1Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand *nutthita.c@chula.ac.th, *pat@su.ac.th Keywords: powder injection moulding, alumina, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl butyral Abstract Powder injection moulding (PIM) is a process that is suitable for fabrication of small and complex shape components.
It consists of 4 main steps: feedstock preparation by mixing powder and binder, injection moulding of the prepared feedstock into the desired mould, removal of the binder and finally sintering to obtain materials with specific properties.
The PEG based binders have been successfully used with a variety of materials such as tungsten carbide-cobalt hardmetals and stainless steel composites [4-6].
The support from Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University is also acknowledged.
The authors would like to thank Automotive Laboratory, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC) for the equipment support.

Generally many surface functions are controlled by the material properties of thin layers coated on surfaces.
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With the automotive industry's shift toward lightweight materials to improve fuel efficiency, RSW has adapted to joining a range of materials, including high-strength steels, aluminum alloys, and even dissimilar material combinations [3].
While this can ensure better fusion, especially in thicker materials, it also carries risks such as base material degradation.
Saraf, Light-weight materials and their automotive applications.
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Computational Thermal Sciences: An International Journal. (2018), 10(5), DOI:10.1615/ComputThermalScien.2018020490

High energy ball milling has been used like alternative route for processing of materials.
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Recently, Cold Spay Method (CSM) for metal materials has been focused attention in the field of thermal spaying coating, however, in ceramics materials, has not been succeeded.
Different materials were successfully deposited on metal, glass and Si substrates.
Results of hardness measurement indicate that deposited layers exhibits mechanical property close to that of bulk materials (and for PZT and AlN deposited layers overcome hardness of bulk material), that means that hard solidification occurs not only on oxides but also on nonoxide materials during deposition.
Melting points of ceramic materials are higher than that of metal materials.
Reduction of crystallites size was observed after deposition for ceramic materials.

Materials and Methods A technology for butt-welding polyethylene pipes with heated tool has been developed on the basis of mathematical modeling of thermal processes at the Institute of Oil and Gas Problems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Muzia, Thermography in plastics welding processes assessment, Journal of Achievements in Materials and manufacturing Engineering, 41 (2010) 40-47
Misra, Microscopic aspects of surface deformation and fracture of high density polyethylene, Materials Science and Engineering Group: А, 367 (2004) 248-260
Jing, Study on Fracture Properties of High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipe, Key Engineering Materials, 261-263 (2004) 153-158
Vol'nov, Gas pipelines from polymeric materials, Zhurnal «Volga - XXI vek», Saratov, 2007

The materials is nickel chromium steels (AISI 4340), the chemical compositions are shown in Table 1.
Acknowledgement The current study is supported by National Science Council, contract 95-2411-H-152-014.
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During the grinding of ceramic materials, plastic deformation occurs on the workpiece surface and the grinding force action leads to tensile residual stresses on the ground surface.
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Studies on coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical model of hot rock Jie Ma 1, a * 1 The Rongcheng campus of Harbin University of Science and Technology, Shandong Province, Weihai 264300, China amajie790412@126.com (*Corresponding author) Key words：nuclear waste material geological disposal;temperature field;seepage field;stress field Abstract: Numerical model of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling processes of radioactive waste during the long-time disposal is established with the multi-fields coupling theory, based on the theory of continuum mechanics, thermo elastic material mechanics, and considered the influence of the variation of water viscosity due to temperature variation on permeability of pore water.
Table 1 Essential parameter  medium modulus of elasticity Poisson ratio Porosity  Penetrance coefficient of expansion due to heat thermal diffusin coefficient Rock 0.3 0.2 0.8 The buried materials 0.3 0 0 0.35 200.0 Fig. 2 Non temperature distribution Fig. 3 Temperature distribution of the coupling coupling Fig. 4 Non - coupling head distribution Fig. 5 Non - coupling head distribution Conclusion As you can see in Figure 2-3, numerical temperature field is greater than the non coupling when the temperature is 10 ℃, the biggest difference between low, about 5%.
Hydrogeology Journal，2003，11（2）：7~40