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Therefore, the compressive residual stress induced in material will improve the fatigue property of the materials.
Renaud, N.C.Bellinger: International Journal of Fatigue Vol.29 (2007), p. 677
[2] K.K.Sankaran, R.Perez, K.V.Jata: Materials Science and Engineering A297 (2001), p. 223
[3] K M Gruenberg, B A Craig: International Journal of Fatigue Vol.26(2004) , p. 630
Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol.18(8),2009. p. 1037-1040

Temperature sensitivity of liquid defects photonic crystal is much higher than temperature sensitivity of common materials defect photonic crystal, the maximum of temperature sensitivity is 10.85nm/K.
Acknowledgments This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61067002).
[4] Prasad T, Mittleman D M, and Colvin V L, Optical Materials. 29 (2006)
[6] Qian Xiang-zhong, Chinese Journal of sensors and actuators. 19, 1(2006):
[11] Kosmidou E P, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 41, 5, 2005.

This summary will include descriptions of the basic materials' molecular structure and subsequent procedure to manufacture the basic material for chemical plating and electroactivation.
edition, (2007) 3- Kim K.J. and Shahinpoor, M., Guest Editors, Special Issue: Biomimetics, Artificial Muscles, and Nano-Bio 2004, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 2007; 18: 101, (2007) 4- Shahinpoor, M. and Hans-Jörg Schneider, Editors, -Intelligent Materials‖, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) Publishers, Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Road Cambridge CB4 0WF, Great Britain,1 st. edition, (2008) 5- Shahinpoor, M. and K.
Fundamentals,‖ (Review Paper), Smart Materials and Structures Int.
Industrial and Medical Applications,‖ (Review Paper), Smart Materials and Structures Int.
SPIE 1995 North American Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, February 28-March 2, 1995, San Diego, California, vol. 2441, paper no. 05, pp. 42-53. 14-Shahinpoor, M., (1996), "The Ionic Flexogelectric Effect", Proc. 1996 Third International Conference on Intelligent Materials, ICIM'96, and Third European Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, pp. 1006-1011, June 1996, Lyon, France. 15-Sadeghipour, K., Salomon, R. and Neogi, S., (1992), ‖Development of A Novel Electrochemically Active Membrane and Smart Material based Vibration Sensor/damper‖, Smart Materials and Structures Journal, vol. 1, pp. 172-179 16-Keshavarzi, A, Mohsen Shahinpoor, Kwang J.

Okamoto, Cu–La (copper–lanthanum), Journal of Phase Equilibria. 22 (2001) 594-595
Schneemeyer, LaCuO2.5+x and YCuO2.5+x delafossites: materials with triangular Cu2+δ planes, Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 104 (1993) 437-452
Jayadevan, Phase relations in the Cu–La–O system and thermodynamic properties of CuLaO2 and CuLa2O4, Journal of Materials Science. 37 (2002) 1611-1620
Drozdova, Definition of melting temperature of rare earth element oxides, Inorganic Materials. 3 (1967) 187-189
Navrotsky, Direct measurements of fusion and phase transition enthalpies in lanthanum oxide, Journal of Materials Research. 26 (2011) 845-847

Each module may be made with distinct materials or by diverse machining methods.
Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering Vol. 128(2) (2006), p. 563-575
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Vol. 15(12) (1999), p. 895-906
International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management Vol. 8(3) (2008), p. 331-349
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol. 43(4) (2007), p. 205-210 (In Chinese)

EBERT: Materials Science and Engineering Vol.302 (2001), p. 37−45
DRODER: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 115(2001), p. 14-19
LI: Computational Materials Science Vol. 41 (2008) p.375-382
HATTA：Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 80–81(1998), p. 513-516
SHIVPURI: Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 419(2006), p. 202–208

Rollett Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave.
The most frequently adopted grain boundary planes are the same low index planes that dominate the equilibrium crystal shapes or growth forms of the same materials.
For materials with cubic symmetry, it is sufficient to use a sub-domain in which the misorientation parameters range from zero to π/2, 1, and π/2 for φ1, cos(Φ), and φ2 respectively.
The anisotropies in the population in other materials were much larger.
For the ceramics materials, such as MgO, SrTiO3, MgAl2O4, and TiO2, this is expected since the anisotropy of the surface energy is relatively large [6].

It always needs many prior tests to set down suitable laser welding process for some materials.
The development of numerical simulation technology in welding makes the leaps both from experience to science and from qualitative to quantitative [3,4].
Material property.
Welding Journal. 1991, 71(9): p39-45
Advanced Materials and Processes. 1994, 1: p42-44

The real rotorcraft materials measured by experiment and the fatigue load mean frequency spectrum based on statistical usage spectrum are adopted.
Discussion of Results The measuring stress intensity factor range at 0=R 0K∆ value for the material fitting is mmMpa208 and the fracture toughness is mmMpa3811 .
It is reasonable for the main rotor material that the cut-off stress ratio for the threshold stress intensity factor range is set 0.7.
Progress in Safety Science and Technology, Proceedings of Asia Pacific Symposium on Safety 2005.
Journal of Mechanical Strength, Vol. 24 (2002), p. 113 Fig.10Crack growth life curves Fig.11Crack growth life curves Fig.9 Crack growth life curves

To PF resin/graphite matrix material without carbon fiber added, if PF resin content is 15.wt%, its flexural strength is 49.0MPa and electrical conductivity is 111S/cm.
Composite preparation and testing method Materials: Graphite powder with purity≥95% and granularity≤150; PF resin powder mixed with hexamethylene tetramine and with granularity≤75; PAN carbon fiber with density 1.78g/cm3, fracture elongation ratio 0.015, tensile strength 3900MPa and elastic modulus 230Gpa .
RI/O, M.C.OJEDA, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 83(2002)2817-2822
HUNEAULT, Polymer Engineering and Science, 44(2004)1755-1765
[11] Wang Yanming, Wang Weiqiang, Li Aiju, etal, Journal of mechanics engineering material, 30 (2006)34-36 (in Chinese) .