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LM6 Al-Si cast alloy aluminum alloy was used as the casting material.
Shan: Effect of evaporative pattern casting process parameters on the surface roughness of Al–7% Si alloy castings, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 182 (1-3), p. 615-623 (2007)
Arunachalam: Optimization of squeeze cast parameters of LM6 aluminum alloy for surface roughness using Taguchi method, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 180 p.161–166 (2006)
Choudhury: Investigation of tool wear and cutting force in cryogenic machining using design of experiments, journal of materials processing technology 203, p. 95–101 (2008)
Farnsworth: Identification of critical factors affecting shrinkage porosity in permanent mold casting using numerical simulations based on design of experiments, journal of materials processing technology 2 0 9, p. 1209–1219 (2009).

Materials and Methods Powder synthesis and drying regimes.
Monmaturapoj, Nano-size hydroxyapatite powders preparation by wet-chemical Precipitation route, Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals. 18 (2008) 15-20
Monmaturapoj, C.Yatongchai, Effect of sintering on microstructure and properties of hydroxyapatite produced by different synthesizing methods, Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals. 20 (2010) 53-61
Doremus, Hydroxylapatite synthesis and characterization in dense polycrystalline form, Journal of Materials Science. 11 (1976) 2027-2035
Brown, preparation and solubility of hydroxyapatite, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, 72A (1968) 773-782

Usually, when ions are implanted with high energy into a material, lattice damages occur which can introduce point defects as non-radiative recombination centers thus reducing minority carrier lifetime in the materials.
Sun, "Ge-on-Si light-emitting materials and devices for silicon photonics," Ph.
Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009
Michel, "High phosphorous doped germanium: Dopant diffusion and modeling," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 112, 2012
Claverie, "Modeling and experiments on diffusion and activation of phosphorus in germanium," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 105, 2009

Materials Plates of aluminum alloy 1163RDTV were used as substrates for deposition, sized 105×25×2 mm, on that corrosion damages were simulated in the form of surface corrosion of depth equal to 20% of the thickness of the plate.
The sprayed material is aluminum powder ASD-1 with spherical particles.
Guo et al., Aircraft skin restoration and evaluation, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 23 (2014) 1281-1290
Klinkov et al., Cold Spray Technology, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 2007
Papyrin, Supersonic jet/substrate interaction in the cold spray process, The Cold Spray Material Deposition Process: Fundamentals and Applications, Woodhead Publishing in Materials, (2007) 178-216

Electrostatic comb drive have the advantages of big driven force, higher quality factor [4]; the multi-barrier nano film tunneling effect device also known as resonant tunneling diodes (RTD), which has the higher sensitivity, and it is a bipolar negative resistance superlattice quantum well device [5], the core structure is the double-barrier with the different band gap materials [6].
The excellent properties of Si materials can improve the inherent performance of gyroscope structure, and achieve the good process compatible between Si and GaAs.
AlAs barrier layer is choose a large band gap materials, generally the thickness of barrier layer is 2~5 atoms; the GaAs layer is undoped in order to improve the peak-to-valley ratio; the GaAs insulating layer is grown at both ends of the double-barrier layer to improve the DC characteristics of superlattice.
First of all, the GaAs is fabricated on Si substrate by heteroepitaxy technology(Fig. 5(a)), then the superlattice nano-film materials (SNFM) are grown by MBE on [001] oriented undoped semi-insulating GaAs substrate (Fig. 5(b)).
Acknowledgements This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50675212) and the Key Laboratory Foundation (No.9140C1204021008).

The development and prospects of carbon science [J].
New Carbon Materials, vol.24, 2009, pp. 282-288
Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol.224,1995, pp. 245-253
New Carbon Materials, vol. 17, 2002, pp. 56-60
Plastics Science and Technology, 37, 2009, pp. 38-41.

The required cathodic protection current is supplied by sacrificial anode materials or by an impressed current system.
Corrosion Journal 33 (1998) 49
[5] Shyan-Liang Chou, Wen-Ta Tsai, Hydrogen Embrittlement of duplex stainless steel in concentrated sodium chloride solution, Materials chemistry and physics, 60 (1999) 137
[6] Shyan-Liang Chou, Wen-Ta Tsai, Effect of grain size on the hydrogen-assisted cracking in duplex stainless steels, Materials science and engineering: A, 270 (1999) 219
Cavallini, Hydrogen embrittlement in the duplex stainless steel Z2CND2205 hydrogen-charged at 200° C, Materials Science and Engineering : A 224 (1997) 116

The results will give deep insight to the mechanism of self assembly process that leads to the formation of nanotubes. 2.Material and Methods 2.1 Materials 3,5 Bis (Tri fluoro methyl)Benzyl amine phenyl alanine, 2.2 Methods 2.2.1 Preparation of self-assembled 3,5 Bis (Tri fluoro methyl)Benzyl amine phenyl alanine. 10 ml of an aqueous solution of 3,5 Bis (Tri fluoro methyl)Benzyl amine phenyl alanine.
Science Advances, 2(9), (2016).
Journal of Molecular Biology, 427(2), (2015).  550–562
Self-Assembly of Aromatic Amino Acid Enantiomers into Supramolecular Materials of High Rigidity.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 119(9), (2014),1609–1615

To find the inner relations of extrusion key parameters, 2-factor and 3-level orthogonal experiments are carried out on the twin-screw extruder with the corn-rice powder as the materials.
The extruder can suit perfectly to the materials such as corn-rice mixture.
The material temperature has no relation to the feeding rate.
Journal of Food Engineering, 1995, 25:245-260
Effect of Extrusion Parameters on Characteristics of Corn-Cereal Powder Extrudate[J], Food Science, 2006, (5): 156-158.

To sum up, fracture mechanics is the study of influence of defects on the strength of materials, researching member of cracks occurrence and development of the law, determining the material fracture resistance index and methods to control and prevent breakage [1-2].
l Reasonable choice of materials and processes, developing new materials and new processes, and looking for alternative materials [3].
Therefore, the calculation of the stress intensity factor has a very important significance about anti-breaking design of the material.
Journal of Hunan Institute of Engineering (Natural Science Edition), 2006, 16 (1 ):39.
Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 2010, 30(5):630-631.