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Development and application of functional gradient materials.
Metallic Functional Materials, 2000,17(4):15~23 [4] LIN Wensong.
Development of preparation technology of functionally gradient materials.
Industrial applications of laser clad and laser deposited metal parts and graded materials.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1998, 75(1-3): 165~172 [10] Romero JA, Griffith ML, Atwood CL, et al.

However in case of a heterogeneous material model, the identification procedure has to be able to quantify the aleatory uncertainties capturing the variability of the material properties.
This contribution concentrates on identification of aleatory uncertainties in the context of heterogeneous materials, their character causes spatial variations of mechanical parameters (such as elastic modulus, yield stress or tensile strength) affecting the structural system behaviour under the loading.
Acknowledgement This outcome was financially supported by the Czech Science Foundation, project No. 16-11473Y, and the Grant Agency of the Czech Technical University in Prague, grant No.
Marzouk, Bayesian inference with optimal maps, Journal of Computational Physics, 231 (2012) 7815-7850
Pregibon, Exchangeability and data analysis, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society.

While the realistic reasons are rely on the science and technology themselves and the management mechanism.
Only in this way, the useful materials can be recycled from the iron tailings gradually, reaching the whole utilization.
Journal of auspicious hensejz engineering college study, 2010, 27 (4): p.22 - 23
Journal of modern mining, 2012, 521 (9):p. 1-3
Journal of materials and metallurgy, 2004, 3 (4): p. 244-245.

A Study on Chemical Foaming Geopolymer Building Materials Tsung-Yin Yang*a, Chuan-Chi Chienb Green Energy & Eco-technology Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Geopolymer materials and geopolymer cement blends can be used for a number of applications, such as resisting fire and acid, creating various structural materials, the immobilizing heavy metals, and bonding metal and ceramic surfaces.
Materials, Methods and Analysis The experimental procedure for preparing the foamed geopolymer is shown in Fig.1.
Davidovits, “Geopolymers: Man-made Rock Geosynthesis and the Resulting Development of very Early High Strength Cement”, Journal of Materials Education, Vol. 16, p. 91-137 (1994)
Davidovits, “MAS-NMR Studies of Geopolymers Heat-treated for Applications in Biomaterials Field”, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 42, p. 3092-3098 (2007)

The optimum process parameters were as follows: 3 mL cross linking agent dosage, 3 % wall materials concentration, coacervation pH was 4.0 and 1:1 core to wall ratio.
Grafting of EC microcapsules onto textile materials at 110°C for 2 min, using BTCA as the binder was appropriate method [20].
Pavitra: Microencapsulation: A Review, International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, Vol.3(1) (2012), p. 509-531 [10] A.
Bhasker Rao: Microencapsulation Technology and Applitions, Defence Science Journal, Vol.59(1) (2009), p. 82-95 [15] S.Y.
Knez: Microencapsulation of essential oils and phase change materials for application in textile products, Journal of Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, Vol.31 (2006), p. 72-82 [24] N.

Building Materials Utilization. 
The sludge contains silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, inorganic and many building materials commonly ingredients similar, can be used as an alternative raw material manufacture of construction materials. 
Sludge Materials technology.
Ding: submitted to Journal of Fujian agricultural science and technology (2005) [9] X.Q.
He: submitted to Journal of Environmental science (2004) [11] S.S.

Test Materials and Methods Test Materials.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol.173, pp.558–562, Jan.2010
Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol.152, pp.211–215, Mar.2008
Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol.156, pp.156–162, Aug.2008
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol.281, pp.49–55, Jan.2005

Emamy3, N.Nemati4 1 Associate Professor, Department of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O.
Complex metallic alloys (CMA) are new crystalline intermetallic phases representing an upcoming field in materials science.
The β-Al3Mg2 intermetallic compound belongs to this new class of materials.
Wlosinski: The production and application of metal matrix composite materials.
Suryanarayana, Mechanical alloying and milling, Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 46, (2001), pp. 1-184. 10- N.Hosseini, F.Karimzadeh, M.H.Abbasi, M.H.Enayati, Tribological properties of Al6061–Al2O3 nanocomposite prepared by milling and hot pressing, Materials and Design, Vol. 31 (2010), pp. 4777–4785.

Introduction particle reinforced composite materials are a kind of superior mechanical properties of new materials, they have been widely used in aerospace, machinery manufacturing, optical and electronic, gradually replaced the traditional metal materials.
Graded materials for resistance to contact deformation and damage.
Science 292, 2447–2451
[5] Somnath Ghosh,kyunghoon Lee, Prasanna Raghavan A multi-level computational model for multi-scale damage analysis in composite and porous materials, international Journal of Solids and Structutres 38(2001) 2335-2385
Mechanics of Materials 39 (2007) 548–563

Materials whose crystallites, particle sizes are smaller than 100 nm are commonly named nanocrystalline, nanostructured, nanosized materials.
The experimental conditions used in the preparation of these materials play an important role in determination of the particle size of the product.
XRD study is most important tool used in nano materials science and it is one of the primary techniques used by mineralogists and solid state chemists to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials and it is an important as characterization tools in solid state chemistry and materials science.
[2] V.Parthasarathi, G.Thilagavathi, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3, 4 , 392-398 (2011)
[9] R.Wahab, S.G.Ansari, Y.S.Kim, H.K.Seo, G.S.Kim, G.Khang and H.S.Shin, Materials Research Bulletin, 42, 1640-1648 (2007)