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Online since: July 2013
Authors: Tian Tian Yu, Min Wang, Li Cai Zhang
At this time speed detector detects signal and real-time collects data into microcomputer, in order to get variation waveform about oscillation frequency.
When vehicles go through the loop and the frequency turns into peak, the center of loop will coincide with the center of the vehicle, now the collected data is the exact value of speed and position.
Speed evaluation based on cloud model is processing the data of time interval when vehicles go through sensors, to gain speed with the combination of positive cloud and reverse cloud algorithm.
(3)According to the related concepts of cloud model, it is known that the average of the experimental data is the actual expect, the maximum of certainty, recorded as max (real(u)).
Simulation results show that cloud model has strong adaptability and real-time for scattered data when measuring the driving position of vehicle, and can overcome the faults of other algorithm, which require high accuracy for data.
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Niculae Negurescu, Alexandru Cernat, Constantin Pana, Obeid Zuhair H. Obeid, Iulius Bondoc
The investigations highlight the improvement of the combustion process by use the bioethanol at the supercharged spark ignition engine which leads to the reduction of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), to an accentuated reduction of monoxide carbon (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) due to lower carbon (C) content.
The engine was mounted on a test bench which was equipped with the next instruments equipment’s: AVL ALPHA 160 eddy current dynamometer (with throttle actuator), a real time AVL data acquisition system, AVL in-cylinder pressure transducer line, AVL gas analyzer, Khrone Optimass mass flow meter, air flow meter, thermo resistances for engine cooling liquid temperature, engine oil and air intake temperatures and thermocouples for exhaust gas temperature, manometer for air pressure from engine intake manifold.
Theoretical and experimental investigations results The running mode of the dyno was setup on constant speed (n=constant) and for each operating regime were measured the power, speed, in-cylinder pressure, exhaust gas emissions, temperatures, air and fuel flows and a complete data acquisition file with necessary engine running parameters.
Conclusions 1-At the use the gasoline-bioethanol blends the engine power and torque are higher comparative to gasoline use. 2-At the gasoline - bioethanol blends use at investigated supercharged SI the reduction of NOx may be achieved in the area of λ > 1.3 dosages were the strategy of engine load qualitative adjustment can be applied. 3-At the gasoline-bioethanol blends use engine BSFC is smaller comparative to gasoline use for λ=1-1.25. 4-The maximum pressure at stoichiometric dosage for bioethanol –gasoline blends is same with gasoline use. 5-The bioethanol is a good alternative fuel and a good antiknock agent References [1] L.
Heywood, Direct Injection Bioethanol Boosted Gasoline Engines: Biofuel Leveraging For Cost Effective Reduction of Oil Dependence and CO2 Emissions, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA 02139, Cambridge, April 20, (2005)
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Masao Sakane, Takamoto Itoh, Hideyuki Kanayama, Masahiro Sakabe, Shu Li Liu, Takahiro Morishita, Norio Takeda
Thus, the agreement of data correlations between in strain and stress controlled tests in Fig. 3 (a) may be resulted from that the reduction in failure life is balanced with the additional hardening. [10,11] On the other hand, fatigue limit in the circle loading test seems to be lower than that in the push-pull loading test.
In the figure, the bold solid line was drawn based on the data of push-pull loading test and the two thin lines show a factor of 2 band.
In this study, A is put to 3.5σB/E but B is determined to fit the life curve on data in push-pull loading test.
This figure shows a relative good correlation although the data in the lower strain level are plotted conservatively.
Failure life and its evaluation under the random multiaxial loading will be discussed more based on the experimental data which will be obtained.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: An Zhi Yuan
It realized reduction and harmless and stabilization resource utilization of sludge.
In our country, that level is lower technological level of sludge reduction and stabilization and innocent treatment and resource utilization.
Table1 Legal authority supplied measured data of flue gas mission Pollutant name Unit Thrice observed value Thrice reduced value EU2000 (EU1992) GB18485- 2001 hazardous wastes Smoke dust mg/m3 8,10,12 20,24,29 10 (30) 100 HCL mg/m3 not detected not detected 10 (50) 100 CO mg/m3 20,25,22 50,64,54 50 (300) 400 SO2 mg/m3 6,8,8 15,19,20 200 (--) 500 NOx mg/m3 4,3,4 10,7,10 50 (300) 100 Ringelman Emittance Level 0 0 -- (1) 1 Table2 Legal authority supplied measured data of property of incineration product Property Unit weight Heat conductivity coefficient Burn off rate Radioactivi-ty internal exposure index Radioactivity external exposure index Incineration product 213 kg/m3 0.0825 W/m.k 0.3% 0.2 0,4 Main Economic and Technical Norms: Sludge drying incineration integration circular process kiln equipment and technology principle use for drying or incineration sludge of different sort and use for incineration of solid waste.
Sludge treatment realized reduction and stabilization and innocent treatment and recycling use.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Ting Lin Huang, Koji Shiono, Ke Jun Yang, Xiao Ying Fu, Xin Sun
Reduction in volume of water due to vegetation is modelled as porosity.
The predictive capability of the model is assessed against experimental data with regard to distributions of depth-averaged velocity and boundary shear stress.
The mean wall velocities from the experimental data () were imposed as the boundary conditions to consider the strong wall effects in this case.
Based on the local friction factors outside the shear layer calculated from experimental data of and , was found to be 0.0003m.
The advection term, (Beta=), was worked out using above equations and experimental data[] and was shown in Fig. 3.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Hu Xing Zhou, Juan Meng, Hong Chen
Firstly, according to the characteristics of the network decomposition and the shortest route algorithm, adopts an array as the network data storage method.
Network data storage based on array The paper takes generalized cost as the arc weight of the shortest route computing.
The data storage structure is shown in Table 1 according to the sparsity of the network, which directly affects the data searching speed used for network decomposition and the shortest route computing.
(3) Refining reduction of the original network.
Network refining reduction refers the staged reduction from coarsening network to the original.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Rafael Farinassi Mendes, Ticyane Pereira Freire, Stefânia Lima Oliveira, Lourival Marin Mendes
Statistical Analysis For statistical analysis of the data, one experiment in a completely randomized design was considered.
In general, the data obtained in this study is in agreement with those reported in the literature.
Thus, in comparison with the published data, the panels evaluated in the present study showed consistent average values.
Overall, compared with the data available in the literature, the panels evaluated in this study showed consistent average internal bond values.
Compared with the data reported in the literature, the panels evaluated in this work showed consistent average MOR and MOE values.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: He Zhao, Yang Liu, Qiao Xin Zhang
Use the structured hypergraph to conduct formal description of parts and modules information and establish structured model; then fuse constraint information of the structure model based on the multi-scale data fusion technology, and provide constraint data source for changed coefficients of the components and modules.
At the same time fusing the components and modules model data by introduce the multi-scale fusion technology, which provide important constraint data source for the variant design.
One important aspect of multi-scale structured hypergraph-based modeling process is to structure the variety of physical objects and data objects and their linkages.
The hypergraph structured is a continuous abstract and reduction process.
Then, conduct multi-scale data fusion to correlation matrix A and collection matrix Q based on multi-scale algorithm which will be represented in next section.
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Jean François Lelièvre, David P. Fenning, Mariana I. Bertoni, Jasmin Hofstetter, Carlos del Cañizo, Tonio Buonassisi
For an as-grown Fe concentration between 1014 cm−3 and 1015 cm−3, this enhanced Fei reduction results in an appreciable increase in the electron lifetime.
The measured data together with the theoretical curve of SRH recombination at Fe-B pairs are shown in Fig.1(a).
Good agreement between the theoretical curve and the experimental data points confirm that Fei keeps being the lifetime-limiting defect in most as-grown p-type mc-Si wafers nowadays.
During 20 min PDG at 850 �C an Fe reduction of up to 60 -80 % can be achieved for as-grown Fe concentrations .3·1014 cm−3 and precipitate radii .20 nm.
On such wafers, an efficient reduction of the Fei concentration can be achieved during standard PDG.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Zhi Yong Tian, Feng Zheng
This research is based on the precise data of carbon footprint.
So it is of particular significance to support emission reduction decision only by some estimated and rough carbon data.
Several important topics of COQ Research on Carbon Footprint Data Estimated and Allocation.
Daganzo [21] emphasizes that the lack of precise details of data should not be an excuse to escape analysis.
This is a basic and key issue for supporting the enterprises with voluntary emission reduction only by using rough data.
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