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Mineralization of Chitosan via Alternate Soaking Baoqiang Li1, a, Yaping Guo 1, Ke Huang1, Dechang Jia1, Yu Zhou 1 and Wei Cai2 1 Institute for Advanced Ceramics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China 2 Materials Chemistry and Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China a libq@hit.edu.cn Keywords: Chitosan; Hydroxyapatite; Mineralization; Alternate soaking.
The hydroxyapatite coating is gradient structure according to the result of SEM.
The crystal structure of inorganic phases distributed in CS matrix were determined with X-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku D/Max-rBx) using Cu Kα radiation at 40 KV and 50 mA.
Alternate soaking combination with ageing process is simple and convenient route formation HA with gradient structure on CS, and carbonate HA in CS is similar to natural bone.
Akashi.Chemistry Letters, (1998), p.711 [6] S.

Wet chemistry route is a facile and comparatively easy technique for synthesis of M- Type hexaferrites.
From XRD peaks it is depicted that all samples have similar hexagonal crystal structure with same peaks.
There is not any other impurity atom or extra phases are present in the structure.
This reduction is c-axis of crystal structure also confirms that Ca+2 ions are successfully substituted in crystal structure and replaced Sr+2 ions.
“Structural and vibrational properties of ZnxMn1− xFe2O4 (x= 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0) mixed ferrites”, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 131(1-2), pp.413-419.

Yu, g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for hydrogen generation, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 5 (2014) 2101-2107
Saracco, Nanoparticles of CoAPO-5: synthesis and comparison with microcrystalline samples, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 17 (2015) 10774-10780
Sun, High quality graphene oxide–CdS–Pt nanocomposites for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22 (2012) 2292-2298
Weckhuysen, Hydrothermal synthesis of Co-rich CoAPO-5 molecular sieves, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 3 (2001) 3240-3246
Zhao, Graphene oxide modified g-C3N4 hybrid with enhanced photocatalytic capability under visible light irradiation, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22 (2012) 2721-2726

Figure 2 – Kinetics of toluene adsorption before and after cleaning chemistries.
Samples D and E were then exposed to wet cleaning chemistries containing respectively diluted HF (0.2%wt, 20°C, 50s) and glycolic acid (1%wt, 60°C, 120s).
Then, it was shown that a cleaning chemistry such as diluted organic acid have a poor cleaning efficiency on the low-k material, and induce no change in composition and porosity.
On contrary, more reactive chemistry such as diluted HF is able to slightly etch the material, thus removing post-etch residues and inducing local condensation of Si-O-Si network.
Pore size evaluation and toluene adsorption delay observed after specific treatments that induce small variations in materials structure and composition were found to be well explained thanks to the use of simulated adsorption isotherms on functionnalized surfaces.

Preparation of Nanosized Strontium Titanate Powder by a Nitrilotriacetate Precipitation Method Wenbin Yan*, Feng Gao, Jun Hua, Youji Li (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China) *Corresponding author: Tel.: +86-13762157748; Fax: +86–7438563911.
XRD investigation show that the powders of SrTiO3 had the crystalline of the pseudo-cubic structure.
Introduction SrTiO3 has a broad range of application in physics and chemistry–as highly polarizable nonlinear dielectric [1], superconducting [2],semiconducting [3], substrate [4], photocatalytic [5], solid electrolyte[6] and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) anode [7] material.
The crystalline structure was identified by X–ray diffraction (Y-2000, Bruker, Germany) using Cu–Kα. as radiation.
The crystalline structure of product is cubic crystal system (a0=b0=c0=0.3920nm，α=β=γ=90°), which indicates the obtained SrTiO3 has very large purity and single phase after annealing.

As a result of rapid solidification, the content of the intermetallic phase is reduced when compared to that present in a conventionally cast state of the same chemistry.
Solid-state transformations Heating of the mechanically chipped alloy leads primarily to the replacement of the colddeformed structure by strain-free grains.
The interaction between particles of the solid phase leads to structure breakdown due to shearing and collision but also to structure agglomeration due to bond formation among particles, caused by impingement and reaction.
The short molding time, however, does not allow for substantial changes in the chemistry of the solid state, which remains close to its initial stage; typical for a completely solid alloy.
Above temperature TLY, the Y alloy contributes exclusively liquid with the same chemistry as that of the original solid state.

E-mail: feglxu@scut.edu.cn Keywords: phenolic resin, molecular weight, infrared spectrum, molecular structure Abstract: Water-soluble phenolic resin was prepared using sodium hydroxide and ammonia as catalysts.
The molecular structure of water-soluble phenolic with different molecular weight was studied by infrared spectrum and the mechanism was discussed.
However, there’s few study on the structure of water-soluble phenolic resin characteristics with different molecular weight.
The molecular structure of water-soluble phenolic resin with different molecular weight was studied by infrared spectrum and the reaction mechanism was discussed.
Phenolic Resin: Chemistry, Application, and Performance, Future Directions.

Researches on surface area, internal surface structure and internal surface flow field of porous materials are also of great importance.
Characteristics of porous carbon materials are affected by both the carbon structure and property of the pores.
Prabal Sapkota et al. [17] designed and manufactured a zinc air fuel cell of taper-end structure with a polyamide-base engineering plastic.
[15] Du He Yun, Wang Chen Hao, Hsu Hsin Cheng, et al., High performance of catalysts supported by directly grown PTFE-free micro-porous CNT layer in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, Journal of Materials Chemistry. 21 (8) (2011) 2512-2516
[17] Prabal Sapkota, Honggon Kim, An experimental study on the performance of a zinc air fuel cell with inexpensive metal oxide catalysts and porous organic polymer separators, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 16 2010 39-44

Arco1,2,c 1Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 2Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines ajnpatricio@up.edu.ph, bspperez@up.edu.ph, csdarco@up.edu.ph Keywords: carboxylate; imidazolium; ionic liquids; binary electrolyte; supercapacitors; EDLC.
Results and Discussion Spectroscopic techniques were used to elucidate the structure of the compounds.
Figure 1 shows the structures of synthesized carboxylate-functionalized ILs.
The number of protons obtained from the peak integration matched with the theoretical number of protons based on the corresponding structure.
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2013; 19: 106-112

This unique dual-scale surface structure coupled with a hydrophobic surface chemistry is thought to be the main contributing factor of these leaves’ extreme non-wetting behaviour [1-4].
In this research, the surface structure and wetting properties of a lotus leaf (Nelumbo nucifera) were analyzed and used as blueprint to structure polyethylene coupons using a template based approach.
The structured polymer surfaces were then analyzed using an SEM and an optical profilometer.
This structuring process increased the water contact angle from 96o ±5o for a smooth polyethylene surface to 151o ±3o for a structured one.
Conclusions The surface structuring process described in this paper resulted in a good transfer of all critical surface features from the structured nanocrystalline template to the softened polyethylene sample.