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Ceramic, metal and polymer materials can be used as a matrix.
Due to the large number of groups of these materials, composites can be divided: according to the type of matrix (made of metals, ceramics, carbon or polymers), according to the geometry of the fibers (with long, short fibers or particles), according to the type of filler (inorganic - glass, metal, ceramic fibers, organic – carbon).
Conclusion Composite materials, commonly used in the engineering and manufacturing industries, play a significant role in the field of mechanical engineering due to their tailored properties.
Kim, The effect of particle toughening layers on the material processibility and forming characteristics of carbon fibre/epoxy prepregs, Composites Part B: Engineering Volume 288 (2025) 111 907
Negi, Dynamic mechanical analysis of additively manufactured cenosphere-filled PETG syntactic foam composite, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization (2025) 647- 657

Materials Science & Engineering A, 2013, 576(8):82–90
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2012, 39(39):26-28
International Journal of Refrigeration, 2014, 38(38):215-226
Rare Metal Materials & Engineering, 2009, 38(4):722-725
Ceramics International, 2013, 39(7):8065-8072

Effect of Ambient Temperature Zinc Oxide Surge Arrester Condition Monitoring ZULKURNAIN Abdul-Maleka*, AMIR HESAM Khavarib, HADI Nabipour-Afrouzic , SAEED Vahabi-Mashakd Institute of High Voltage and High Current (IVAT), Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia azulkurnain@utm.my, bhesamkhavari@fkegraduate.utm.my, cnahadi4@live.utm.my, dvmsaeed3@live.utm.my Keywords: Surge Arrester, leakage Current, Aging level, Ambient Temperature, COMSOL Abstract.
Harasym, Degradation of the ZnO surge arrester voltampere characteristics under the combined influence of alternate and impulse currents, in High Voltage Engineering, Eleventh International Symposium on (Conf.
Takahashi, Direct measurements of voltage–Current characteristics of single grain boundary of ZnO varistors, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 1999., vol. 19, pp. 727-730
M.; Waters, R.T.; Abdul-Malek, Z., Co-ordination of spark-gap protection with zinc-oxide surge arresters, Generation, Transmission and Distribution, IEE Proceedings- , vol.148, no.1, pp.21,28, doi: 10.1049/ip-gtd:20010015,Jan 2001 [12] Poniran, Zalizah; Malek, Zulkurnain Abdul, Life Assessment of Power Transformers via Paper Ageing Analysis, Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, 2007.
IEEE 2nd International, vol., no., pp.399,402, doi: 10.1109/PECON.2008.4762507,1-3 Dec. 2008 [14] Abdul-Malek, Z.; Yusoff, N.; Mohd Yousof, M.F., Field experience on surge arrester condition monitoring - Modified Shifted Current Method, Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 2010 45th International , vol., no., pp.1,5,Aug. 31 2010-Sept. 3 2010 [15] Abdul-Malek, Z.; Yusoff, N.; Yousof, M.F.M., Performance analysis of modified shifted current method for surge arrester condition monitoring, High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), 2010 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.649,652, doi: 10.1109/ICHVE.2010.5640787 ,11-14 Oct. 2010 [16] Novizon, Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek, Nouruddeen Bashir, N Asilah, Thermal Image and Leakage Current Diagnostic as a Tool for Testing and Condition Monitoring of ZnO Surge Arrester, Jurnal Teknologi Volume 64 Issue 4, doi: 10.11113/jt.v64.2096, July 2013

Our case study concerns a complex and expensive electronic product with a more than 200 parts-codes BOM, it must undergo all the engineering, reliability and market launch procedures.
, Hobbs Engineering, 2008
Liao, «A review on degradation modelling and its engineering applications,» Int.
Zio, «Reliability engineering: Old problems and new challenges,» Reliability Engineering and System Safety, vol. 94, n. 2, pp. 125-141, 2009
Jackst, «The Arrhenius, Eyring, Inverse Power Law and Combination Models in Accelerated Life Testing,» Reliability Engineering, pp. 1-9, 1984.

SiC, Al2O3, TiC and B4C are common ceramic reinforcements in Al MMCs.
Journal of materials science, vol-33 pp. 23 -28
“Metal Matrix Composites: Production by the Stir Casting Method”, Journal of Material Processing and Technology, 92, pp.17
“Effect of cooling rate on eutectic cell count, grain size, microstructure and ultimate tensile strength of hypoeutectic cast iron”, Journal of materials Engineering and performance, volume8(4),pp. 417-423
[6] ASTM Standard E8, ASTM International; 2004.

The new program and challenge of upconversion materials Yongjun Wang College of Electronics and information engineering,Tianjin Polytechnic University,Tianjin,300387 wyjxww@126.com Key Words: Upconversion,Rare earth doping,Application.
Xingyong Huang[14] fabrication NaYF4: Er3+ nanostructured glass ceramic by solid state meathod.
Liu,Y.Liu:GongNengCaiLiao(In Chinese),Vol.43(2012),p.109-117 [9] Hyeon Mi Noh,Hyun Kyoung Yang,Byung Kee Moon,Byung Chun Choi,Jung Hyun Jeong,Haeyoung Choi and Jung Hwan Kim: Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol.13(2013),p.4006–4009 [10] Y.D.
Cheng: CHEMICAL JOUＲNAL OF CHINESE UNIVEＲSITIES(In Chinese), Vol.35(2014),No.2,p.224-229 [12] Y.C.
Zhong: CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL, Vol.39(2013),p.74152-7424 [13] J.

Further studies underscore the importance of surface engineering for wear reduction: [21] demonstrates the effectiveness of PVD coatings in diminishing wear under heavy-load conditions; [22] examines the corrosion resistance and wear characteristics of nanocoatings in tribological contacts; and [23] describes the influence of thermal treatment on the formation of protective oxide films.
Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. (2021) 453–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68014-5_45 [2] M.X.
Megret, et al., Oxidation and wear behavior of high-speed steel and semi-high-speed steel used in hot strip mill, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 119 (2022) 677–689.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-08031-0 [9] R.A.
Titkov, Effect of nano-structured factors on the properties of the coatings produced by detonation spraying method, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. (2019) 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6133-3_11 [12] O.
Korzhik, M.V Karpets, Plasma arc coatings produced from powder-cored wires with steel sheaths, Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics. 50 (5-6) (2020) 318-329. doi:10.1007/s11106-020-00165-2 [19] M.

Gadkari, Understanding energy transfer in Ce doped Li6Gd(BO3)3: A study of millisecond decay kinetics in 77–300 K range, Journal of Luminescence 137 (2013) 208–213
Kim, Synthesis and Characterization of Ce3+-, Pr3+-, Tm3+- doped Li6Lu(BO3)3 Phosphors of X-ray and Neutron Imaging, Journal of the Korean Physics society 62(8) (2013) 1102-1107
Rahmani, Low temperature synthesis of La2O3 and CrO2 by Sol –Gel process, Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3(7) (2011) 203-208
Kumar, Structural, Optical and bioactive properties of calcium borosilicate glasses, Ceramics International 35 (2009) 3401–3406
Krishna, Structural and luminescence properties of Dy3+ ion in strontium lithium bismuth borate glasses, Journal of Luminescence 132 (2012) 841–849

Seighalani, K.R., “ Study on Dissimilar Friction Stir Butt Welding of AA7075-O and AA2024-T4 considering the Manufacturing Limitation”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, (2012), vol. 59, pp. 939-953
Rao, K.P., “ An Experimental Study on the Effect of Weld Parameters on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys FS welds”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, (2012), vol.2, issue.4, pp.1459-1463
Balamugundan, B., “ Experimental Studies on Friction Stir Welding of AA2011 and AA6063 Aluminum Alloys”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, (2012), vol.3, pp. 144-145
Bhatwadekar, S.G., “Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys AA1100 to AA6101-T6”, International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering, (2015), vol. 3, pp. 2321-3051
Singh, L., “ Effect of Welding Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys 6101 and 6082”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, (2017), vol.3, pp.2395-4396.

Bending and Free Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Sandwich Pile on Elastic Foundation Using Rayleigh-Ritz Method Nair Khiloun1,a*, Noureddine Elmeiche1,b, Hichem Abbad1,c, Ismail Mechab2,d 1Civil and Environmental Engineering Laboratory (LGCE), Department of Civil Engineering and publics’ works, Faculty of Technology,DjilaliLiabes University, BP89 Avenue ben M’hidi, 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbes, Algeria 2Laboratory of Mechanics and Physics of Materials (LMPM), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, DjilaliLiabes University, BP89 Avenue ben M’hidi, 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbes, Algeria anair.khiloun@univ-sba.dz, bnoureddine.elmeiche@univ-sba.dz, chichem.abbad@univ-sba.dz, dismail.mechab@univ-sba.dz *Corresponding author: Nair Khiloun nair.khiloun@univ-sba.dz Keywords: Static and dynamic loading; Winkler -Pasternak elastic foundation; High-order theory; Rayleigh-Ritz method; Sandwich functionally graded material.
The study of the behavior of cylinders in free vibration is of particular interest in production engineering and product design.
Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 103(2017), 15–20
International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, 4 (2018), 1850061
Journal of Sound and Vibration, 43 (2018), 1–19