Methodology for the Investigation and Evaluation Criteria of Oxidation-Metal Plating Processes During Friction and Wear

Abstract:

In this work, an experimental methodology is presented for investigating the kinetics of competing oxidation and metal-plating processes that occur on friction surfaces under variable load conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the critical parameters for the transition between the formation of dissipative secondary structures (DSS) and metal-plating films (MPFs), as well as to evaluate the contact electrical resistance (CER) as an indicator of the structural state of the surfaces. A universal tribometer with adjustable load (0.2–40 MPa) was used to test friction pairs of steel 45 and bearing steel Shkh15, employing a vaseline oil as an inert lubricant and CIATIM-201 grease with 7% copper powder as a metal-plating additive. A clear correlation was observed between the CER, the friction coefficient (μ) and the wear intensity (I) across four operating modes. The maximum CER values (up to 40 Ω·cm²) were recorded in the DSS formation regime, whereas the minimum values (below 1 Ω·cm²) corresponded to the metal-plating regime. The results demonstrate that the structural-energetic approach enables effective diagnosis of the tribological state and that the CER parameter serves as an informative criterion for distinguishing between friction regimes.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1035)
• Pages: 15-26
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-j9wJhv
• Online since: December 2025
• Authors: Oleg Lyashuk*, Andrii Gypka, Mykola Maiak, Dmytro Mironov, Mykhaylo Levkovych
• Keywords: Contact Electrical Resistance, Contact Resistance, Dissipative Secondary Structures, Friction, Metal Plating, Metal-Plating Films, Tribology, Tribometer, Tribometer Design, Wear

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