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Simulation of Cracking Behavior in Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell during Thermal Cycling Khairul Anam1, 2, a *, Chih-Kuang Lin2, b, Anindito Purnowidodo1, c 1Departement of Mechanical Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-Li 320, Taiwan akhairul.anam27@ub.ac.id, bt330014@cc.ncu.edu.tw, canindito@ub.ac.id Keywords: Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, PEN, Thermal Cycling, Principal Direction.
Simulation results indicate the stress intensity factor is significantly decreased at room temperature and is slightly increased at steady stage with increasing number of cycle.
The temperature profiles at steady stage generated by a thermo-electrochemical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, STAR-CD, at INER were imported into the FEA model in this study.

By using numerical simulation, it is shown that the new airfoil has a higher lift than the original airfoil at the same angle of attack, the stall angle of attack increases from 12 degree to 17 degree, and the maximum lift coefficient increases approximately 64 percents.
Methodology The new design concept will be simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
ICEM CFD was used for meshing .The commercial code CFX-14 is used to model the flow field by solving the three-dimensional, compressible, unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations.

In the direction OB the distribution of thickness strain is illustrated in Fig. 3, which show a good agreement of simulation with reported experiment results in [16].
According to the Taguchi quality design concept, a array with 27 rows is used for the simulation experiments.
The application of the CFD and Kriging method to an optimization of heat sink.

Wu Di[5] and others come to the conclusion that slurry flow rate and concentration of crystal on the impact is bigger by establishing solid-liquid two-phase flow pipeline transport modeling and simulation.
Simulation And Experiment of Backfilling Pipeline Transportation Of Solid—Liquid Two—Phase Flow Based on CFD [J].

aasmaa.elrashedy@ejust.edu.eg , bmohammed.rabie@ejust.edu.eg, celshazly_a@yahoo.com, dmigb2000@hotmail.com, eahmed.abdelmoneim@ejust.edu.eg, fmarwa.elkady@ejust.edu.eg Keywords: Membrane distillation, water purification, polystyrene, CFD, numerical simulation Abstract.

The numerical simulation results of 12 typical fire scenarios prove that the boundary conditions of tunnel entrance exert a significant influence on the accuracy and reliability of the fire numerical simulation results in metro station.
At present the numerical simulation is the main fire risk assessment method of metro station, which uses the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) program, such as FDS, Fluent, etc. to build the model, simulating the fire development and occupant evacuation, assessing the fire safety of metro station according to the simulation results [4-5].During the process of the numerical simulation, the boundary conditions of tunnel entrance have to be simplified to be fully close or open, due to the restriction of computing power and time of Computer Server.
Simulation Results and Discussion The simulation of fire smoke movement in metro station is carried out using FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator), developed by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology).
The numerical simulation time of all the fire scenarios is 1200s.
The corresponding fire numerical simulation results are listed in table 2.

Numerical Simulation 4.1 Model and Boundary Conditions In order to facilitate simulation analysis and calculation, we have simplified CPU chip for using a constant heat source to substitute for it.
The two-dimensional model established on the CFD software is shown in Figure 1.
Conclusion In the numerical simulation, surface monitor is lies on the top of chip to record the temperature shift.
Compared numerical simulation of the CPU surface temperature with experimental results, although there are differences between these two, the trend is same, which also verify the correctness of the experimental test results.
The main cause of the different between numerical simulation and experimental results is model error.

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) [7], as an alternative numerical approach on mescoscopic level between the traditional macroscopic computational fluid dynaimcs (CFD) and the microscopic molecular dynamics (MD) methods, is used to carry out the numerical investigations.
Fig.2 (a) Relationship between the surface tension and the fluid/fluid interaction parameters and (b) Relationship between the surface wettability and the fluid/solid interaction parameter Numerical simulation The numerical simulation of a droplet impact onto a rough solid surface will be introduced in this section, and the effect of material’s wettability will be discussed in details.
Four values of |Gt| are chosen to make simulation, where the value of 0.4 stands for the hydrophilic surface, values of 0.3, 0.2 for the hydrophobic surface, while value of 0.1 for the superhydrophobic surface.
In our researches, we set We = 85 and Re = 75 for all simulations.
This simulation result agrees with the formula of contact angle for the rough surface proposed by Wenzel.

The simulation results are listed in Table 1, while the theoretical values of bearing load in Table 1 are obtained by the method in Ref.[5].
It can be seen in Table 1 that the mean values obtained by simulation are in good agreement with the theoretical results.
Therefore the simulation results can be extracted as the dynamic incentives in finite element analysis.
Because the bearing loads obtained by simulation is very complicated, in order to simplify calculation, the four bearing loads during 0.22 ~ 0.23s are respectively applied to the housing.
Peter, Optimization of casting and forging at AUDI AG, in: Simulation, Das Fachmagazin für FEM, CFD und MKS, 2003, issue 02, pp.1-11

We carried out numerical simulations to prove the effectiveness of river “groins” in reducing flow velocity.
The water flow pattern in the groin can be shown through numerical simulations.
Numerical simulation with HEC RAS 2D Fig. 10.
This shows that there is still a difference between laboratory data and numerical simulations.
Nestmann, “Applications of CFD in Hydraulics and River Engineering,” in International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics, 2004. doi: 10.1080/10618560310001634186