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D.H.Kim[1] investigated turbulent flow past a square cylinder confined in a channel by large eddy simulation (LES).
In the present simulations, a dimensionless time step was chosen giving the maximum CFL number close to 2.
In the present simulations, the computational boundaries are set at 16Dm in y directions.
FIG.3 NORMALIZED INSTANTANEOUS SPANWISE VORTICITY. a-c RE=600,d-f RE=5900 Flow patterns and force characteristics Derived By CFD （a）(b) FIG.4 THE TIME HISTORY OF DRAG COEFFICIENTS AND LIFT COEFFICIENTS FOR THE STRAIGHT AND MODIFIED SQUARE PRISMS.
References [1] Do-Hyeong Kim, Kyung-Soo Yang, Mamoru Senda: Large eddy simulation of turbulent flow past a square cylinder confined in a channel.

For example, the AUTODYN simulation tool can address nonlinear dynamic problems including solids, fluids, gases, and their interactions using finite elements (FE), finite volume (CFD), and mesh-free particle (SPH).
From the numerical simulation results, the weakest point was determined.
The fine element size of 10 mm used in the numerical simulation leads to a higher concentration.
Therefore, the numerical simulation conducted, within limits, approximates well the strain pattern as compared to the cracks pattern.
De, Numerical simulation of surface explosions over dry, cohesionless soil, Computers and Geotechnics, 43 (2012) 72-79

SIMULATION FILM COOLING IN THE LEADING EDGE REGION OF A TURBINE BLADE (TRENCH EFFECT ON FILM EFFECTIVENESS FROM CYLINDER IN CROSSFLOW) MOHAMAD RASIDI Bin Pairana , NORZELAWATI Binti Asmuinb* Hamidon Bin Sallehc Centre for Energy and Environmental Study (CEIES), Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Locked Bag 101, Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor Darul Ta’zim auncle_sid@yahoo.com.my, bNorzela@uthm.edu.my, c Hamidon@uthm.edu.my Keywords: Trench effect, Film cooling, Turbine blade Abstract: Film cooling is one of the cooling techniques applied to the turbine blade.
This study is focus on the effect of differences depth of trench. 3D computational fluid dynamics simulation CFD using ANSYS software will be perform to determine the jet-mainstream interactions to better understand the film effectiveness distributions.
Methodology ANASYS software is used to simulate film cooling in the leading edge involving fluid flow, heat transfer based on simulation.

The author highlights all major variables to influence the output of the shock absorber, and then proceeds by performing a series of simulations using the developed model.
Shortly, the simulation was conducted based on the following parameter set: Ac=5.0671 [m2]; L0=0.241 [m]; Ar=4.1167 [m2]; m1=9.680·10-4 [kg]; m2=1.004·10-3 [kg]; m3=1.494·10-3 [kg]; m4=1.919·10-3 [kg]; mpr=1.867·10-1 [kg]; C1=2800 [Ns/m]; C2=8 [Ns/m]; C3=5600 [Ns/m]; C4=900 [Ns/m]; Cpr=80 [Ns/m]; K1=2.8·106 [N/m]; K2=8·103 [N/m]; K3=5.6·106 [N/m]; K4=0.9·106 [N/m]; Kpr=1.3·106 [N/m]; Ffriction=22N; Cf1=0.9; Cf2=0.85; Cf3=0.9; Cf4=0.85; Ain_1=1.314·10-5 [m2]; Ain_2=6.72·10-5 [m2]; Ain_1=2.036·10-5[m2]; Ain_4=4.48·10-5 [m2]; Kc1= Kc2= Kc3= Kc4=108 [N/m]; R1=0.0067 [m]; R2=0.0096 [m]; R3=0.0088 [m]; R4=0.0109 [m]; XA1=1.0536 [m]; XA2=1.0587 [m]; XA3=1.0676 [m]; XA4=1.0428 [m]; r=0.0127 [m]; s=1.05 [mm]; Pg0=6·105 [Pa] Results The numerical results are presented in the form of time histories of pressures, flow rates and the damping force output – see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
Simulation result – high frequency, a) pressures, b) flow rates (valves) pcomp preb a) b) Fig. 4.
Simulation result – low frequency, a) pressures, b) flow rates (valves) Low frequency excitation High frequency excitation Fig. 5.
Finally, future work will be directed towards experimental characterization of the flow-induced phenomena, the lumped parameter model validation and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics).

Fractal analysis of Raceway Boundary in COREX Melter Gasifier Model Zhiguo Luo1,a, Zhanxia Di1,b, Zongshu Zou1,c and Ren Chen2,d 1School of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, 110004, Shenyang, China; 2Department of Metallurgy Engineering, Liao Ning Institute of Science and Technology, 117004, Benxi, China; aluozg@smm.neu.edu.cn; bzhanxiadi@gmail.com; czouzs@mail.neu.edu.cn; dtoughold@163.com Keywords: Raceway Boundary; Physical Simulation; Particle Velocity Contour; Fractal Abstract.
The shape of raceway can be obtained by dissection survey and mathematical simulations.
Toshihiko[10] calculated the instantaneous velocity of every particle through CFD+DEM, and then the raceway boundary was defined by the iso-contours of instantaneous coke particle velocity scalar.
It can be used as original boundary conditions of the flow and chemical reaction in the raceway region of the theoretical and mathematical simulation.

Production practice and CFD simulation results show that (see Fig. 3), the dust-containing gas occurs vortex in the gas chamber after enters from the below of the baffle.
A big vortex vertical the view direction is eliminated after the baffle set according to the Fluent simulation results.

The simulation is conducted by the software Fluent with three-dimensional, pressure-based, steady flow and standard k-ε model, and the residual of simulation is 0.0001.
Results and Discussion Considering the important parameters ( Vscan, h, Pin ), the numerical caculation of three-dimensional CFD model is conducted to obtain the flow characteristics of immersion liquid.

This paper using Airpak software，simulation air distribution of wall hanging air-conditioning under different air supply angle and different air supply velocity running at refrigerate condition，and select the best air supply parameters by compare the thermal comfort.
In Chinese：Numerical simulation of the air flow in a room with low-temperature air distribution[J].
In Chinese：Numerical Simulation on Effects of air distribution to indoor air environment [J].
In Chinese： Numerical Simulation to the Effect of Airflow Distribution on Air Environment of Air- conditioning Room[J].
A zero-equation turbulence model for indoor airflow simulation [J].

The empirical method and simulation method are analyzed.
Gu[25] took physical simulation to study the flowing state by observing the porthole-die extrusion of plasticine with different colors, and proved the accuracy of the simulation results compared with FEM simulation.
To solve this problem, Cheng[26] etc. proposed multi stage finite element simulation method, in which the simulation is divided into several stages.
Multi stage finite element simulation method could make the simulation continue, but the simulation process must be broken artificially which will decrease the degree of automation.
It shows advantages in the complex aluminium profile extrusion simulation.

Comparison of Material Flow Stress Models Toward More Realistic Simulations of Friction Stir Processes of Mg AZ31B Ali.
Much of the reported values of FE simulations were produced after tuning the tool/workpiece interface boundary conditions to produce temperature profiles that match those experimentally measured.
FE MODEL SIMULATION RESULTS DEFORM 3D was utilized for developing the FE model used in running the FSP simulations.
For each of the constitutive relations, the reference test-case simulation was run at what was found [12] to be optimum process parameters for the model’s tool geometry: 1000 RPM and 90 mm/min.
S., Modeling the Effects of Coolant Application in Friction Stir Processing on Material Microstructure Using 3D CFD Analysis, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 21.7 (2012) 1141-1150