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Mathematics and Simulation Problem Description.
The experimental and simulation results are shown in Figure 5.
The heating power was increased to 140 W and another test and simulation were conducted.
The volume change in the simulation is divided into three curves.
[11] Sattari, H., et al., CFD simulation of melting process of phase change materials (Pails) in a spherical capsule.

Research of Flow Field and Temperature Field in 2D Annular Space of Air-Gap Lu Tang, Yiping Lu, Haiyan Deng and Zuomin Wang School of Mechanical & Power Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China e-mail: luyp2010@ yahoo.com.cn Keywords: Numerical Simulation, Rotating Flow, Air-Gap, Turbo-Generator, Radiation Heat Transfer Abstract: The flow in air-gap of turbo-generator was simplified to the rotating flow model in the 2D concentric cylinder annular space.
According to the CFD principle, the rotating flow model equations of the laminar flow and the turbulent flow were solved with Finite Volume Method.
Etc studied the characteristics of inflow slot wedge and outflow slot wedge of gap-pickup turbo-generator adopting RNG k-ε turbulent model by fluent software for numerical simulation [3].
M.Kuosa. etc studied the characteristics of flow and heat transfer in air gap of electrical machine with 10 000-80 000rpm by experiment and numerical simulation with k-ε sst, k-ω turbulent model and so on using FINFLO[4] software and the results of numerical simulation of turbulent time-averaged model did not appear taylor vortex is discovered.

The empirical method and simulation method are analyzed.
Gu[25] took physical simulation to study the flowing state by observing the porthole-die extrusion of plasticine with different colors, and proved the accuracy of the simulation results compared with FEM simulation.
To solve this problem, Cheng[26] etc. proposed multi stage finite element simulation method, in which the simulation is divided into several stages.
Multi stage finite element simulation method could make the simulation continue, but the simulation process must be broken artificially which will decrease the degree of automation.
It shows advantages in the complex aluminium profile extrusion simulation.

In production simulations, the search for boundary conditions at outlet boundaries of a number of branches during identification can be replaced with rigidly set Dirichlet boundary conditions in the form of combinations of known time functions of measured mass flow rates and pressures of the gas mixture.
Results of practical application Efficiency of the method of numerical recovery of gas flows in trunkline systems proposed in the paper was demonstrated in 2008–2011 in production simulations at OOO “GAZPROM Mezhregiongaz Moscow” within the “Alfargus/Mosregiongaz” computer knowledge ware.
Ispolzovaniye kompyuternykh gazodinamicheskikh simulyatorov dlya povysheniya bezopasnosti // Bezopasnost truda v promyshlennosti [CFD simulators application for higher safety // Operation Safety in Industry] (2004) No.7, pp. 48–53.
Ob odnom iz metodov obnaruzheniya i lokalizatsii razryvov magistralnykh gazoprovodov s ispolzovaniyem kompyuternykh gazodinamicheskikh simulyatorov // Bezopasnost truda v promyshlennosti [On one method of trunkline rupture detection and location using CFD simulators // Operation Safety in Industry] (2004) No.6, pp. 29–32.
Simulation and Analysis of Gas Networks (1987) Gulf Publishing Company, Houston

Three groups of cone-derived waverider configuration, respectively, based on the geometric relations method and the streamline tracing method are generated for the comparisons of the shape factors, inviscid aerodynamic characteristics, and flow field structures by investigating the numerical simulation results.
Three groups of cone-derived waverider configuration, respectively, based on the geometric relations method and the streamline tracing method are generated for the comparisons of the shape factors, inviscid flow field structures, and inviscid aerodynamic characteristics by investigating the numerical simulation results.
At last, the comparisons of shape factors, inviscid flow field characteristics, and inviscid aerodynamic characteristics have been investigated by numerical simulation.
Rodriguez: Multidisciplinary Optimization of a Supersonic Inlet Using a Cartesian CFD Method, AIAA paper 2004-4492, 2004.

The wind speed is assumed to be constant for all simulations and equal to the aircraft’s approach speed.
Simulation Model Five wind turbines and wheel 3D geometries have been modeled using an ANSYS modeler design, as shown in Figure 7.
Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 17.7 (2009): 1290–1298
[27] Wilcox, D.C., “Turbulence modeling for CFD”, 1st ed., La Canada, CA: DCW Industries Inc., 1998
[28] Okumura, K., "CFD Simulation by Automatically Generated Tetrahedral and Prismatic Cells for Engine Intake Duct and Coolant Flow in Three Days," SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0294, (2000)

In this paper, CFu serves as the referential series and CFd serves as the comparison series.
Fig.1 The FEM of the framework of the launch platform 3.1 Numerical simulation of damage identification for straight pipe The upper horizontal pipe, the 8th element in Figure 1, is selected as the straight pipe to be identified.
The model is divided into 15 segments of equal span length. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Fig. 2 Finite element model of the unbent pipe To investigate the capability of the GMFCD indicator, it is compared to the indicator of flexibility difference MFD (Modal Flexibility Difference) and that of flexibility difference curvature MFDC (Modal Flexibility-Difference and Curvature)[5] through numerical simulation analysis. 1.
Fig.4 Damage identification of multiple damaged element by GMFCD 3.2 Numerical simulation of damage identification for bend pipe Selected the front bend pipe of the framework of the launch platform as the interested object and construct its finite element model, in which 42 elements are used, as shown in Figure 5.
Results of numerical simulation and experimental verification demonstrate the effectiveness of using this indicator in locating damage.

Numerical simulations were carried out using Gambit-Fluent software.
The simulation parameters and flow patterns are outlined in Table 3.
Zálešák, COMSOL Multiphysics validation as simulation software for heat transfer calculation in buildings: Building simulation software validation.
Starace, CFD simulations of horizontal ground heat exchangers: A comparison among different configurations, Appl.
Hellström, CFD-modelling of natural convection in a groundwater-filled borehole heat exchanger, App.

During the simulations, the process parameters and the alloy properties have been explicitly taken into account.
Finally, results of the simulations are compared with experimental data.
Results and discussion Background: Computational modelling of casting process is part of the computer aided engineering (CAE) development, and in particular it considers computation fluid dynamic (CFD) dealing with thermal- and fluid-flow analysis.
The basic principles of the simulation set-up are the considerations of the process parameters, the material properties and of how they can be varied to obtain the optimal simulation, which is as much as close to the actual casting as possible.
As mentioned above, one of the critical points in the simulation results is represented by the mesh size.

Liao[3] conducted numerical simulation on the structural parameters of the micro heat transfer.
Luping, Chen Jiangping, et al[7] adopted the CFD method to conduct a simulation study on the distribution characteristics of internal flow inside the micro-channel parallel flow air cooler.
Stief, et al[8] conducted the simulation study on the thermal conductivity of micro heat transfer.
Numerical simulation and performance optimization of carbon dioxide micro-channel gas cooler[J].
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of flow distribution in a gas cooler with micro-channel parallel flow[J].