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Reliability theory equation of long-term performance prediction of GFRP bars Trejo et al (2009) introduced exposure factor λ in prediction model (4) to make the model more flexible to fit the experimental data, which was modified as follows
Numerical examples Trejo et al.(2009) exposed GFRP bars to seven years outdoor exposure with nearly no stress which is one of the few long-term research results.
Trejo et al reported a range of diffusion coefficient for the different GFRP bars from 4.47×10-10 in2/sec (2.88×10-13 m2/sec) to 2.39×10-9 in2/sec (1.54×10-12 m2/sec), with a mean value of 1.38×10-9 in2/sec (8.9×10-13 m2/sec).
From the literature (Trejo al 2009) the tensile strength mean value was 537.21MPa and standard deviation was 75.23 MPa after 7 years.
Al-Salloum, Sherif El-Gamal, Tarek H.

[12] Al-Khatam, J.A., Building Maintenance Cost.
[14] Al-Hammad, A., Assaf, S., and Al-Shihah, M., The Effect of Faulty Design on Building Maintenance.
[15] Assaf, S., Al-Hammad, A.
And Al-Shihah, M., The effect of faulty construction on building maintenance.
[17] El-Haram, M.A., & Horner, M.W., Factor Affecting Housing Maintenance Cost.

Table 2 shows some important infrared absorption bands characteristic for jute fiber from the work of Rana et al [31].
According to Khan et al [34], this O-H stretching may be associated with absorbed water as well as alcohols found in cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, extractives and carboxylic acids.
According to Ibrahim et al [33], bands in these regions could be attributed to vibration of the alpha-keto carbonyl for cellulose.
Hischier, A.L.
El-Zawawy and F.A.

[3] Innocenzi, P.C., et al.
[4] Sanctis, O.d., et al.
[6] Gallardo, J., et al.
[9] Durán, A., et al.
[10] Ballarre, J., et al.

Xu Lifu et al. [18] carried on the high speed milling experiments on vol.56%SiCp/Al by PCD tools in the cutting speed range of 5-300m/min.
%SiCp/Al composites using TiAlN coated carbides.
Ge et al. [7] found that a flow type chip was generally formed during high speed milling of vol. 20%SiCp/Al composites.
Ge et al. [7].
El-Gallab and M.

Therefore, most Al alloys require aging process to further improve their mechanical properties.
Fig.1 The result of simulation of multi-component Al alloys: the first is the initial stage and the others are final stage in different alloys (a)initial stage (b)Al-Zr (c)Al-Fe (d)Al-Zr-Li (e)Al-Zr-Mg (f)Al-Cr-Fe (g)Al-Zr-Cr-Fe-Ti (h)Al-Zr-Mg-Ti-Mn-Fe-Li-Ni (i) Al-Zr-Li-Si-Mg-Mn-Ti-Cr-Fe-Ni Fig.1 exhibits the simulation results for binary and multi-component Al alloys, the numbers in the figure represent element numbers.
Peng et al.[17] also discovered that Zr in Al alloys are more likely to form cluster structures.
Fig.1(d) shows the results for the Al-Li-Zr alloy, fig.1(e) is Al-Mg-Zr alloys and fig.1(f) is Al-Cr-Fe alloy after MC simulations.
Abd El-Aty, Y.

Le Corre et al. (2010) published a comprehensive review on SNPs preparation, characterization, and applications [15].
Chin et al. (2011) [14], studied the effects of surfactant and volume ratio of starch solution to ethanol (1:10, 1:15 1:20 v/v) on the SNPs formation.
This observation is in consistent with Chin et al., (2011) [14], who reported that solvent system including both NaOH and Urea provides better solubility of starch.
Similarly, Chin et al., (2011) [14], synthesized fibrous SNPs from native sago starch.
[18] A., Hebeish, M.H., El-Rafie, M.A., E.L-Sheikh, M.E., El-Naggar.

Al-Marzouqi, N.A.
Al-Marzouqi, Insights on natural gas purification: Simultaneous absorption of CO2 and H2S using membrane contactors.
El-Naas, M.
Al-Marzouqi, M.
El-Naas, S.

Ansari et al [5] investigated the buckling behavior of a novel three-dimensional metallic carbon nanostructure known as T6 with MD simulations.
Zhu et al [9] also conducted a study of a AFM-based nanometric cutting process on copper using molecular dynamics, with significant results.
This agrees with the conclusion by Olufayo and Abou-El-Hossein [12] in their study of MD modelling of nanoscale silicon machining in which they used MD simulations to study plastic material flow at the tool/workpiece interface during orthogonal cutting.
In recent times, Konovalenko et al [20] studied the mass transfer of FSW at atomic scale.
International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. 2015; 88: 131-164 [12] Olufayo OA, Abou-El-Hossein K.

., Bragdon C.R. et al. reported that cross-linked structures increased of wear resistance [9].
Absorption band with wavenumber 1000–900 cm-1 corresponding to Si-O-Me, where Me can be Al, Mg or Fe [18] was registered as well as absorption bands corresponding to Si-O-R (1110–1000 cm-1) and Si-CH2(CH2)nCH3(1220–1170 cm-1)[12].
El Hakim, Mohamed A.