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The vortex shedding frequency, , is related to Strouhal number , velocity of the current, , and effective diameter of the riser, , as [5] (1) The CFD simulation of circular cross section of the riser produces an averaged drag coefficient of the cylinder, , which could be used to calculate the averaged drag force according to (2) where is the density of the seawater at particular depth depending on the salinity and is the cross sectional area of the riser (constant).

[5] Patwardhan Y and Johnson H (2001)“ CFD simulation of jet mixing in water tanks”.

The purpose is that according to the result of the simulation, optimize the structure of the tool and then decrease the difference in temperature of the moulding board.
We should follow the principles when designing the tool: 1）the CTE between the moulding board and composite components should match; 2）when designing the tool, make sure the surface of the moulding board and the part are the same at the temperature of critical stress; 3）Using the theory of CFD and heat transfer, reduce the difference in temperature of the moulding board, improve the quality of the design.

This is inquired through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in order to guarantee comparable gas flow and temperature uniformity both for 150 and 200 mm substrate format.

The experiments were designed and interpreted with the assistance of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations.

The simulation results revealed that methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) was an efficient absorbent.
Fig. 3 and 4 illustrates CFD simulation result so that an increase in the solvent concentration results in improving reaction site and CO2 solubility.

Currently, there are many commercial CFD packages, such as FLUENT [11–14], ANSYS [15,16], etc., which allow the calculation of the flow structure in the blading section of turbomachines.
The simulation criteria given in the work are taken into account for the engine exhaust system.
Larosiliere, Numerical simulation of air flow through turbocharger compressors with dual volute design, Appl.
García-Cuevas, Characterization of a radial turbocharger turbine in pulsating flow by means of CFD and its application to engine modeling, Appl.
Boussad, CFD Analysis of the Volute Geometry Effect on the Turbulent Air Flow through the Turbocharger Compressor, Energy Procedia. 36 (2013) 746–755. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.087

The RNLI are currently developing simulation models to predict slamming loads for their craft in a seaway, [3,4,5].
J. and Cripps, R., 'CFD Prediction of the Smooth Water Attitude of High Speed Planing Craft using a Novel Solution-Adaptive Process', CFD 2003: Computational Fluid Dynamics Technology in Ship Hydrodynamics, RINA, 2003

The single-phase airflow is calculated using the commercial CFD package ANSYS-CFX 11.0 in the bearing chamber.
It is assumed that air exited the chamber through the scavenge is negligible and that the discharged air through the vent port only influences local air velocities in the vicinity of this vent, and thus these geometry features are omitted in the CFD calculation.
(a) (b) Fig.5 Variation of oil droplet velocities with the shaft speeds (a) without considering breakup, and (b) after breakup Conclusions Simulations of the single phase turbulent air flow and the oil droplet motion in an aeroengine bearing chamber have been carried out in order to assess the influence of the breakup on oil droplet motion for shaft speeds in the range 9,000 to 15,000 rpm.

The renormalization group (RNG ) that was proposed by Yakhot and Orzag[10] overcome this disadvantage through improving ε equation, and provides an analytical formula for the Prandtl Number, so this model can be used in the simulation of strong swirling flow or flow with a complex wall in the spiral centralizer.
Mixture Model Mixture model is mainly used for simulation of two phase flow, it is relatively accurate when the solid particles content of less than 20% at the section.
[4] Yingfeng Meng, Zhanghua Lian, “CFD Numerical Simulation Research on Cutting-Carried Capability in Gas Horizontal drilling”, Natural Gas Industry, vol. 25, no. 7, 2005, pp. 50-52