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The chemical composition of the sample was confirmed by EDS analysis shown in Fig.5, it shows the characteristic peak of Cu, O, Al elements obviously.
Because elements Al and O come from the composition of AAO template, the chemical composition of the nanowire arrays contains the Cu elements only.
Other elements like Al and O, which can be seen in the spectrum, come from the composition of AAO template.
Compared with the spectrogram in Fig. 5, the content of Cu element relatively increased and the content of Al, O element relatively reduced.
El Abedin, F.

Similar findings were reported by Li et al where at higher alkali concentration, excess delignification of natural fiber occurs resulting in a weaker or damaged fiber [13].
Ikhlef et al also found that the treatment of the flour improves the compatibility and promotes the ability to dissipate energy during fracture [14].
Ishak, et al., "A Review on Pineapple Leaves Fibre and Its Composites," International Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 2015, pp. 1-16, 2015
El-Shekeil, S.
Al-Shuja’a, "Effect of alkali treatment on mechanical and thermal properties of Kenaf fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composite," Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 109, pp. 1435-1443, 2012

Panchal et al in [1,2].
Ibrahim et al, Effect of frame flexibility on the Ride Vibration of truck.
Panchal et al, A review of optimization of automobile structures, International Journal of Advanced Computer Research. 2, 4, 6 (2012) 89-93
Patil el al, Stress Analysis of Automotive Chassis with Various Thicknesses, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering. 6, 1 (2013) 44-49

For example, morphology-controlled polygonal ZnO nanobowls have been fabricated by Yang et al. [4, 5] via colloidal-crystal-assisted imprint method and solution dipping.
Ye et al. have presented a method to fabricate gold nanobowls via ion milling and vapor HF etching technique, and these gold bowls have shown a promising application in SERS-based biomolecular detection [6].
TiO2 nanobowl ordered arrays have been fabricated from polystyrene monolayer templates and atomic layer deposition by Wang et al., and they were proved to be useful for the submicron spheres selection and subwavelength photolithography [7, 8].
Li et al. have also presented a method to fabricate TiO2 nanobowls via a block copolymer templating and sol-gel process [9].
The dispersion was spin-coated onto silicon substrates by a spin-coater (EL-S-200, Solar-Semi).

The reseaches of Jiang et al. [7,8] and Molodtsov et al. [9] are employed into the current study.
To estimate the longitudinal interations between α/β tubulins and GDP molecule within a protofilament, Jiang et al. [7] modeled tubulin as a grid ball with a diamter 4.8 nm and a GDP molecule as a rigid ball with a diameter of 0.55 nm which are connected with the non-linear springs. α/β tubulins are composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and sulfur (S), and a GDP molecule is composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and phosphorus (P).
Jiang et al. [7] adopted the Lennard–Jones 6–12 potential for the van der Waals interaction, and obtained an analytical expression for the energy density that is contributed by the longitudinal interactions as (1) where h is the distance between the centers of the tublin and GDP molecule.
Shnol, E.L.

Alloy 357 Mechanical Properties – T6 Temper (variant) SEED with drainage T6 Temper SEED without drainage T6 Temper[5] UTS (MPa) 357 ± 7 354 ± 5 YS (MPa) 295 ± 7 298 ± 7 %El. 13 ± 3 11± 1 Moreover, the new time parameters used to produce the slurry – including the swirling time, resting time and drainage time (if applied) – yield to a slightly shorter total time cycle for the slurry production, as presented schematically in Fig. 8.
The same approach was applied to other common AlSiMg foundry alloys in die casting [6].
In a recent project with Duralcan Al9%Si20%SiC composite, it has been found that the slurries produced by the SEED process without drainage have a good process response for semisolid forming and that sound, netshape die cast parts are produced.
The solid fraction, aAl grains and SiC distribution can be optimized by adjusting the process parameters, which demonstrates the great flexibility of the SEED process.
Microstructures of (a) the semisolid slurry produced by nondrained SEED process and (b) the die cast part, showing globular aAl gains and uniformly distributed SiC particles Conclusion The SEED technology for rheocasting of aluminium is now available without the drainage phase.

[13] Elhelbawy nahla gamal el din emam, Abd El-Hatery A, Ahmed M.
[15] Chen A, Blanchard J, Han SW, Conrad JR, Dodd RA, Fetherston P, et al.
[21] Xu J, Lane CD, Ou J, Cockcroft SL, Maijer DM, Akhtar A, et al.
[34] Kaisar N, Huang Y-T, Jou S, Kuo H-F, Huang B-R, Chen C-C, et al.
[36] Liu J, Wang X, Hu Y, Luo L, Jiang C, Liu F, et al.

Optimization of Cutting Conditions Using Regression and Genetic Algorithm in End Milling Omar Monir Koura1 and Ahmed Samy El-akkad2 1 Mechanical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Modern University for Technology & Information, Egypt * 2 Design & Prod.
Li, et al (2014) [3] has studied the basic relationships between tool wear, surface integrity, and fatigue in end milling of Inconel 718.
Surasit Rawangwong, et al (2013) [8] investigated the effect of some factors of the surface roughness in aluminum semi-solid 2024 face milling.
Table 1: Composition of test material C Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni Al Co 0.1322 0.1727 0.4673 0.0476 0.0195 0.0048 <0.005 0.0331 0.0078 <0.01 Cu Nb Ti V W Pb Sn Sb Zn Fe 0.0123 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.0125 0.005 0.0033 <0.005 <0.001 99.08 Also, the machine used was a CNC Anayak machining center 25 Kw main motor, Figure 1 Figure 1: Test arrangement Surface quality was assessed using the Surtoronic 2.

Buchser, et al..
Narisawa, et al.
Kavecky, et al.
Zhou, et al.
El-Eskandarany, K.

Typically, an aqueous solution of NaOH (0.6mol) in 40 ml deionized water was added dropwise to a vigorously stirred freshly prepared solution containing Ni(NO3)2·6H2O (0.2mol) and Al (NO3)3·9H2O (0.1mol) (Ni2+/Al 3+ =2) in 100 ml deionized water under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature.
Typically, a mixed aqueous solution of Ni (NO3) 2⋅6H2O (0.024mol) and Al (NO3) 3⋅9H2O (0.012mol) in 50 ml deionized water was added dropwise to a vigorously stirred freshly prepared solution containing NaOH (0.08mol) and 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylate (0.024mol) in 150 ml deionized water under a nitrogen atmosphere.
Based on elemental analysis, the chemical composition of 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylate -NiAl-LDHs (Ni/Al=2) was found to be [Ni0.655Al0.345 (OH) 2] (NO3-) 0.059 (C7H3NO4 2-) 0.149·0.7H2O (Calculated: Ni 31.10%, Al 7.63%, C 10.25%, H 3.15%, N 2.38%; Found: Ni 31.29%, Al 7.81%, C 9.97%, H 3.11%, N 2.13%).
Borum et al.: Appl.
Tronto, E.L.