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Steel C S Mn Si Cr Ni Mo P Cu Nb N Al Ti W V Co Heat AISI 302 0.22 0.009 1.05 1.05 17.4 11.4 2.34 0.043 0.13 0.69 0.0638 0.0014 0.0069 0.011 0.050 0.077 1 0.21 0.009 0.891 1.06 17.4 11.0 2.05 0.003 0.11 0.57 0.0617 0.077 0.0073 0.01 0.044 0.096 2 0.23 0.008 1.01 1.02 18.0 10.9 2.17 0.029 0.13 0.53 0.0576 0.0011 0.0078 0.01 0.049 0.087 3 AISI 304 0.043 0.004 1.09 0.776 18.4 9.37 0.322 0.039 0.17 0.0069 0.0580 0.0036 0.007 0.037 0.048 0.249 4 0.038 0.005 0.563 0.399 17.9 10.7 0.110 0.020 0.048 0.0074 0.0270 0.001 0.0035 0.012 0.050 0.037 5 0.085 0.009 0.677 0.801 18.7 9.25 0.314 0.030 0.12 0.017 0.0729 0.001 0.0034 0.015 0.048 0.083 6 0.076 0.007 0.931 0.869 18.9 9.19 0.225 0.042 0.12 0.0064 0.0620 0.001 0.0044 0.017 0.047 0.083 7 0.040 0.006 0.457 1.26 20.5 10.0 0.123 0.029 0.042 0.0072 0.0340 0.076 0.004 0.013 0.050 0.034 8 0.033 0.007 0.415 1.34 19.5 10.0 0.116 0.027 0.042 0.007 0.0370 0.048 0.0034 0.014 0.049 0.036 9 0.080 0.006 0.852 0.902 18.2 9.08 0.255 0.023 0.099 0.0062 0.0660
El Nayal and Beech [9] and Suutala and Moisio [10] defined a criterion based on the ratio of chromium to nickel equivalents (Creq/Nieq) to determine which of the following solidification modes is observed in austenitic stainless steels: mode A (L®L + g® g), mode AF (L®L + g®L + g + d®g + d), or mode FA (L®L + d®L + d + g ®g + d).
El Nayal and J.

., BP 32, El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, DZ-16111 Algiers, Algeria. 2Microstructure Research Team, Laboratory of Built Environment, Faculty of Civil Engineering, U.S.T.H.B., BP 32, El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, DZ-16111 Algiers, Algeria.
M, Al-Swaidani, Use of micro and nano volcanic scoria in the concrete binder: Study of compressive strength, porosity and sulfate resistance, Case Studies in Construction Materials. 11 (2019) e00294

This limitation could be overcome by using a normal equation lower bound method (as shown by El-Dasher et al [4]) where equation (1) for FCC materials could be reduced to: αl = Alkρk, k = 1, 36 and l = 1, 9 (2) where the matrix A represents a component of the dislocation dyadic.
El-Dasher, B.L.

To compute the fundamental solution a fast numerical algorithm by Khutoryansky et al. [3] is applied using some few terms of fast converging Fourier series Gij(y,x)=a (0) ij ln r + ∞� k=1
a (k) ij cos 2kθ + b (k) ij sin 2kθ � , Tij(y,x)=1 r 2� l=1 nl(x) ∞� k=0
ˆa (k) ijl cos (2k +1)θ + ˆb (k) ijl sin (2k +1)θ � .
Using a few boundary-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Intensity factor KI [MN m -3/2] Crack length a [mm] mechan.load electric.load el.mech.load 0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014 0.0016 0.0018 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Intensity factor KIV [C m -3/2] Crack length a [mm] mechan.load electric.load el.mech.load Fig. 3: Intensity factors for mechanical, electrical and combined loading elements, it permits to achieve a good accuracy in computing the field quantities, especially around the crack tips.

Uhl3,c 1,2,3AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow Al.
References [1] Doebling S W, Farrar C R and Prime M B, 1998, A summary review of vibration–based damage identification methods, The Shock and Vibration Digest, vol. 30, pp. 91–105, [2] Carden P., Fanning P., 2004, Vibration Based Condition Monitoring: A Review, Structural Health Monitoring, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 355-377, [3] Mendrok K and Uhl T, 2004, Overview of modal model based damage detection methods, Proceedings of ISMA2004, pp. 561–75, [4] Slater G L and Shelley S J, 1993, Health monitoring of flexible structures using modal filter concepts, Proceeding of SPIE, vol. 1917, pp. 997–1008, [5] Gawronski W and Sawicki J, 2000, Structural Damage Detection Using Modal Norms, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 229, pp. 194–8, [6] El–Ouafi Bahlous S, Abdelghani M, Smaoui H and El–Borgi S, 2007, Modal Filtering and Statistical Approach to Damage Detection and Diagnosis in Structures Using Ambient Vibrations Measurements, Journal of Vibration and Control, vol. 13, pp. 281–308,

[6] Ayssar Nahlé, Ideisan Abu-Abdoun, Ibrahim Abdel-Rahman and Maysoon Al-Khayat: Int.
El-Shenawy and T.
El-Bitar: Int.

El-Sharkawi,H. kirkham, and B.W.
Berndt, el al.

There are difference chip forms for LM6 aluminium alloy and Al-TiC composite for a similar of cutting condition.
Al-TiC composite produced by the in situ technique was used for experimentation.
Cutting force was less in machining (shaping) of Al–TiC composites as compared to those for Al–TiAl3, Al–Si and pure Aluminium [8].
Al-TiC composite was casted using sand moulds with vibration technique [9].
El-Hossainy, Mater. and Manufac.

Typically, an aqueous solution of NaOH (0.6mol) in 40 ml deionized water was added dropwise to a vigorously stirred freshly prepared solution containing Ni(NO3)2·6H2O (0.2mol) and Al (NO3)3·9H2O (0.1mol) (Ni2+/Al 3+ =2) in 100 ml deionized water under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature.
Typically, a mixed aqueous solution of Ni (NO3) 2⋅6H2O (0.024mol) and Al (NO3) 3⋅9H2O (0.012mol) in 50 ml deionized water was added dropwise to a vigorously stirred freshly prepared solution containing NaOH (0.08mol) and 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylate (0.024mol) in 150 ml deionized water under a nitrogen atmosphere.
Based on elemental analysis, the chemical composition of 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylate -NiAl-LDHs (Ni/Al=2) was found to be [Ni0.655Al0.345 (OH) 2] (NO3-) 0.059 (C7H3NO4 2-) 0.149·0.7H2O (Calculated: Ni 31.10%, Al 7.63%, C 10.25%, H 3.15%, N 2.38%; Found: Ni 31.29%, Al 7.81%, C 9.97%, H 3.11%, N 2.13%).
Borum et al.: Appl.
Tronto, E.L.

As expected, ratio of atomic aluminum to nitrogen (Al/N) decreases with increase in N2 proportion in the gas mixture.
Decreasing N2 proportion, lower than 20%, may result in unreacted Al in Al flux and affect the composition.
In contract, when N2 proportion exceeds 20%, Al flux would completely react and N ions remain in films as defects.
Fig. 1 shows the Al/N ratio decreases as increase in N2 proportion, while preferred orientation has the opposite trend.
El Hakiki, P.