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Ni is a very promising microalloying element for lead-free solders, especially for Sn-Cu alloys.
The effects of Ni on the microstructure of Sn-0.7Cu alloys have been widely investigated [2,3,6].
The aim of this study is to investigate the modifying effects of nickel on the microstructure, Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound (IMC) formation and the mechanical properties of a Sn-0.5Cu lead free solder.
Copper and nickel elements are mutually substitutable in (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 intermetallic compounds.
Lee, An investigation of microstructure and microhardness of Sn-Cu and Sn-Ag solders as functions of alloy composition and cooling rate, Journal of Electronic Materials 38 (2009) 257-265

Shape Memory Alloys: Modeling and Engineering Applications 2008 Texas: Springer
Design of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) Actuators 2012 Texas: Springer
Joining of shape memory alloys 2010 Corneliu Cismasiu
Resistance welding of NiTi shape memory alloy tubes, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, v. 213, p. 1139-1145, 2013
Laser welding of Shape Memory Alloys.

The present paper aimed to investigate the different effect of alloying elements and strengthening particles on the impact toughness of the titanium alloys at room temperature and low temperature (83K), and load and energy were also discussed in detail.
Ti-1Mo show the highest toughness among the titanium alloys.
Ti-1Mo showed higher toughness than other titanium alloys.
Journal of Materials Science, Vol.37, (2002), p. 2543-2547 [3] Q.Y.
Kutumba Rao b Materials Science and Engineering A Vol. 254, (1998), p. 147-154 [6] Hirofumi Yoshimuraa, Jun Nakahigashib: Journal of Alloys and Compounds.

Alloys based on the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu system possess the highest strength properties among commercial aluminum alloys [1–2].
The present work was aimed at substantiating the principles for optimizing the phase constitution of a novel group of aluminum alloys, i.e., sparingly alloyed high-strength casting alloys (<1%Ni, >0.4% Fe and 0.1-0.3%Cu) based on the (Al)+Al9FeNi eutectic.
Nickel and iron may enter five compounds some of which are characterized by a wide range of homogeneity.
Specifically, the section at 1% Ni shows that we should expect the appearance of primary intermetallic compounds starting from about 0.8% Fe (Fig. 2b).
This means that the introduction of Ni and Fe to alloys of AA7055 type does not give the same effect as in low-copper alloys.

Due to these features, studies to improve the tribological properties of titanium alloys are relevant.
The aim of this work is to study the tribological properties of a titanium alloy-ceramic friction pair when sliding without lubrication. 2.
Mousavizade, Surface modification of pure titanium via friction stir processing: Microstructure evolution and dry sliding wear performance, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 816, 152557, (2020)
Joshi, Dual textured carbide tools for dry machining of titanium alloys, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 94, 105403, (2021)
Zhao, A study of the surface microstructure and tool wear of titanium alloys fter ultrasonic longitudinal-torsional milling, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 53, pp. 1-11, (2020)

Introduction Magnesium and its alloys have a wide range of excellent properties.
Rapid corrosion of magnesium alloys causes possible health risk.
Most of the studies of corrosion properties of magnesium alloys with potential to be used for biomedical applications were performed in SBF solutions on Mg-Al-Zn ternary system alloys.
Kainer, General and Localized Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys: A Critical Review, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 13 (2001) 7-23
Kim, Significant effects of adding trace amounts of Ti on the microstructure and corrosion properties of Mg–6Al–1Zn magnesium alloy, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 614 (2014) 49-55

The alloying element dissolved in the matrix precipitates in fine particles by aging treatment, resulting in a higher strength of 1948MPa.
Aging treatment is usually adopted to investigate the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties by microstructural observations, microhardness tests, and tensile tests [9].Aging treatment is aimed at separating out the precipitation hardening alloying element dissolved in base metal with extreme particle, which is the particle of alloying elements or the particle of intermetallic compounds.
Aging treatment is aimed at separating out the precipitation hardening alloying element dissolved in base metal with extreme particle, which is the particle of alloying elements or the particle of intermetallic compounds.
By aging treatment the super-saturated alloying elements in the steel precipitated to strengthen the steel.
Dong, et al., Strengthening effect of Cu-rich phase precipitation in 18Cr9Ni3CuNbN austenitic heatresisting steel, Acta Metallurgica Sinica 2011.2, 24:141–147 [9] Dong Peng, Jun Shen, Qin Tang, Cuiping Wu, Yanbing Zhou, Effects of aging treatment and heat input on the microstructures and mechanical properties of TIG-welded 6061-T6 alloy joints, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy andMaterials,2013.3, 20 (20) 259 [10] Wenhua Zhang, Stain Steel and Heat Treatment (2010), Shenyang Press of Liaoning Science and Technology, 2010.2

Moreover, in [2] it has been reported that HPT may be used for the amorphization of TiNi alloys.
This is why TiNi alloys with amorphous structure are not able to demonstrate shape memory effects.
The focus of this work aimed to investigate heat release on heating TiNi alloys with different initial structures at different heating rates.
Glezer, Characterization of amorphous and nanocrystalline Ti–Ni-based shape memory alloys, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 473 (2009), no. 1–2, pp. 71–78
Belyaev, Multi-stage martensitic transformations induced by repeated thermal cycling of equiatomic TiNi alloy, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 486 (2009), pp. 304–308.

Among all processes that have been developed to improve the characteristics of aluminum and its alloys, the mechanical alloying process has received more attention.
In the mean time, materials as intermetallic compounds of out standing mechanical properties and good thermal stability were developed making them a powerful material to be used in this kind of composites [4,5].
Journal Materials Processing Technology, 53, pp. 273-284, 1995
Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 32, pp. 1-16, Chapman &Hall, 1997
AGARD Lectures Series nº 174: New Light Alloys, pp. 4:1-4:21, 1990

Baker (editors) ASM Specialty Handbook: Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, UA, 1999 4.
Petraroli, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 461, (2008), pp. 154–159. 5.
Gupta, Journal of Alloy and Composites, Vol. 509 (2011) pp. 7572-7578. 8.
Zheng, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 504 (2010), pp. 542-547. 12.
Lim, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 260 (1997), pp. 250-255. 27.