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Abd El-kader, W.H.
Sharaf El.Deen, The ac conductivity studies for Cu2O-Bi2O3 glassy system, Materials Chemistry and Physics 65 (2000) 275-281.

Among these methods, semi-solid isothermal heat treatment is a new way being first found by Bergsma et al [3-4] in the middle 1990s, which omits the special procedure to fabricate the semi-solid billet but achieves a semi-solid nondendritic microstructure during heating prior to thixoforming.
Experimental procedure The ZA84 (Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.25Mn) alloy was prepared by mixing the following materials: commercially AM60 alloy, pure Mg, Al, and Zn ( >99.9wt%).
The actual composition of alloy inspected by ICP was given as following (wt%): 87.94 Mg, 7.9 Zn, 3.91 Al and 0.25 Mn.
In addition, if the direct current was imposed to a solid-liquid coexisted semi-solid alloy, it would result in the Joule thermal effect and Peltier effect at the solid/liquid interface due to the different resistivities and conductivities of liquid and solid phases. 10-11 According to the research results obtained by Zhou et al [13-14], the two effects caused by direct current will promote remelting and spheroidizing of dendrites in the semi-solid isothernal heat-treated alloys, consequently the non-dendritic structure evolution is accelerated.
Du and E.L.

Study of the Interaction of Shock Wave / Laminar Boundary Layer Hamza Gouidmi1, Abdelhadi Beghidja1, Mohamadi Said2, Razik Benderradji1 1Laboratory of applied energy and pollution (LEAP), The University of Mentouri – Constantine, Algeria 2Institut de Physique, USTHB, B.P.32, El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Alger, Algérie 1gouidmi@yahoo.fr, 3abeghidja1@yahoo.fr, mohamadi_said@yahoo.fr, 4razik2n@yahoo.fr Keywords: Shock wave, interaction of shock wave / boundary layer, the unsteadiness of laminar boundary layer, bulb separation.
Robinet et al in 2003 [2] and C.
Tenaud et al in 2003 [3], who used a shock tube.
And for the cases where the flow is hypersonic we cite the studies conducted by Ludovic Vandomme [4], Gustavo and al [5], Marco Marini [6], are worked on a compression ramp; he found nearly the same results.
For example Ludovic Vandomme [4], Gustavo and al [5], Marco Marini [6] worked on a compression ramp; he found nearly the same results.

Errol L.at.al study single-tiered relay node placement and two-tiered relay node placement, and presents a polynomial time-7approximation algorithm and a polynomial time-approximation algorithm, respectively.
For single-tiered constrained relay node placement, S.Misra.et.al propose a polynomial time approximation algorithm with O(1)approximation ratios[5],and the research team also propose polynomial time O(1)-1approximation algorithm in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks[6].
Aiming at minimum the network cost with constrains of lifetime and connectivity, Wang.et.al propose a heuristic algorithm based on a two-phase placement framework [8], Sinem.et al present an approximation algorithm, in which relay node placement problem is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem[9].
[4] E.L.

Characterization X-ray energy dispersion spectrophotometer (EDX): The elemental analysis of the Si, Al, Ni, Ti, Fe, S, Ca, Zr elements that can be presented in the catalyst was performed by the X-ray energy dispersion spectrophotometer using an EDX-700 Shimadzu equipment.
Samples Si Al Pt Ni Ru NH4ZSM-5 44.69 1.91 - - - Ni/ZSM-5 44.87 1.95 - 0.08 - Pt/ZSM-5 44.89 1.71 0.30 - - Ru/ZSM-5 44.59 2.02 - - - According to the results presented in Table 1, we observed that all samples had a high percentage of silicon oxide SiO2, and a low percentage of aluminum oxide Al2O3 in the zeolite structure, which gives them a reason for high Si/Al characteristic of MFI structure.
The results of the chemical analysis in the form of chemical elements presented in Table 2, indicated high values for all Si/Al samples, offering an important feature of the acidic zeolitic supports.
[12] E.L.

Edwards1,4,e 1 Materials Engineering, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK 2 Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK 3 Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland 4 Currently at: ANSTO, PMB1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia a m.k.khan@open.ac.uk, bm.e.fitzpatrick@open.ac.uk, csvh2@leicester.ac.uk, dAlexander.Evans@psi.ch, el.edwards@open.ac.uk Keywords: Scratches, Residual stress, Synchrotron X-rays, Nanoindentation Abstract The residual strain field around scratches of 125 µm depth and 5 µm root radius have been measured using synchrotron X-ray diffraction.
Boyce et al. [11] measured the residual stress field around FOD using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and found that the initial residual stress around the damage was highly tensile at 40% of the yield stress.
Nowell, et al. (2004). 4th International symposium on fretting fatigue, Lyon, France, Elsevier Sci Ltd
Duo, et al. (2002). 4th International conference on fatigue damage of structural materials, Hyannis, Massachusetts, Elsevier Sci Ltd
Ruschau, et al. (2000). 3rd International conference on fatigue damage of structural materials, Hyannis, Massachusetts, Elsevier Sci Ltd

In fact, It has been demonstrated that the structural descriptors derived from the molecular surface electrostatic potentials, which were put forward originally by Murray et al. [10] and developed in our group [11], not only have definite physical meaning and good repeatability, but also have general applicability in research of the quantitative structure-property prediction of organic pollutants [12,13].
Plot of observed versus predicted logKSC by Equation (3) for the calibration and test sets Zhang et al.[8] has established their good models by partial least squares (PLS) regression, which one of these models has high R and Qcum value (R = 0.966, Qcum = 0.919) with using all 25 investigated POPs.
El-Shahawi, A.
Al-Saggaf: Talanta Vol. 80 (2010), p. 1587
Schlegel, et al: Gaussian 98 (RevisionA.9): Gaussian, Inc.

These materials were first functionalized by covalent grafting with a cyclo-RGD peptide (cyclo-DfKRG) (Biomet-Merck Biomaterials, Darmstadt, Germany) according to Porte-Durrieu et al. [9].
For all these reasons Chappard and al. [18] consider µCT as the alternative.
The edge effect was threshold according to Van Lenthe et al [14].
In a similar comparative study of the two techniques on bone structure without biomaterials, Müller and al. found a very high correlation degree [19].
Vol. 420 (1992), p. 17 [14] H Van Lenthe, H Hagenmüller, M Bohner: Biomaterials Vol. 28 (2007), p. 2479-2490 [15] L Pothuaud, JC Fricain, S Pallu: Biomaterials Vol. 26 (2005), p. 6788-6797 [16] EL Hedberg, HC Kroese-Deutman, CK Shih: Tissue Engineering Vol. 11 (2005), p. 1356-1367 [17] O Gauthier, R Müller, D Von Stechow: Biomaterials Vol. 26 (2005), p. 5444-5453 [18] C Chappard, B Brunet-Imbault, CL Benhamou-Erit: Synoviale Vol. 118 (2002) [19] R Müller, H Van Campenhout, B Van Damme: Bone Vol. 23 (1998), p. 59-66 [20] Y Germanier, S Tosatti, N Broggini: Clin.

The aim of this study is to investigate the performance PVD-TiAlN carbide tool and surface integrity during machining of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy under various cutting parameter with dry machining condition Experimental Procedures The workpiece material used in the machining trials was a titanium alloy alpha-beta grade Ti-6%Al-4&V Extra Low Interstitial (Ti-6Al-4V ELI).
Table 2: Chemical composition of the workpiece material Ti- 6Al-4V ELI (% wt) HEAT C Si Fe Ti Al N V S O H Y C-11465 0.11 < 0.03 0.18 Bal. 6.1 0.007 4.0 < 0.003 0.11 0.0031 < 0.005 The average flank wear (VB) was measured by using a Mitutoyo Tool Maker Microscope at 20x magnification, and the machining time was recorded using a stopwatch.
It is clearly seen that a typical three-stages pattern of tool wear was obtained, while was similar with the pattern reported by Jawaid et al. [4] when machining titanium alloy with coated and uncoated carbide tools.
Jawaid et al. [4] found that the feed rate also contributed to increase in temperature during machining titanium alloy.
El-maghrabi: EMARC Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. (2007) [12] A.

Zhao, et al: Electroplating and Finishing Vol.21 (2002), p.17-21
Boulanger, et al: Electrochimica Acta Vol.52 (2007), p.3053-3060
El-Sherik, U.
Aust,et al: Materials Letters Vol.52 (2002), p. 85-90
Srinivasan, T.Vasudevan, et al: Electroplating and Finishing Vol.26 (2007), p.1-6