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Numerical simulation, together with the observation and analytical studies, are the most important tools to explore the flow of solid suspensions.
The numerical simulation of particulate suspensions flow involves fluid and solid particles.
Numerical simulations based on both Eulerian-Eulerian and Eulerian-Lagrangian schemes are presented which are solved using the code Fluent [11].
Structured grids used in the simulations for different rebound angles, 45º (top), 90º (middle) and 135º (bottom).
Miguel, Simulation and characterization of high porosity media for aerosol particle processing, Journal of Porous Media 12 (2009) 1129-1138

By numerical simulation[1] of excavation load, cutting process analysis[2] of cutter-head and other relevant model tests[3], domestic researchers proposed many theories such as theoretical model for estimating cutter-head torque[4], distribution law of cutter-head thrusting force, layout method of cutting tools[5], opening distribution characteristics of cutter-head[6] and so on.
Therefore, sequential cutting is more efficient than simultaneous cutting. 1.2 Optimal cutter spacing Through numerical simulation analysis and rock-breaking experiments on multi-cutters with Experimental System for Rock-breaking Mechanism of Disc Cutter, the study on the basic law of rock fragmentation by cutters has been conducted.
Numerical Simulation of Excavation Load on Cutterhead in Shield Tunneling Machine[J].
Dynamic Numerical Simulation of Excavation in Shield Tunnelling[J].
Study on the Opening Distribution Characteristics of Earth Pressure Balance Shield Cutter Head Based on CFD[J].

Simulation concluded that the mixtures of biogas-hydrogen peroxide present higher Mach number and pressure compare with mixtures biogas-hydrogen.
In a previous studies it was shown that injecting hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide as additive on simulation for operating PDE, accurate spark timing and air to fuel ratio need to be preserved due to poor combustion qualities of biogas because of the presence of CO2 in the composition.Improvement of the combustion performance can be made by removing CO2.
Simulation to predict the combustion process in system device is important to ensure future successful development of pulse detonation engines.
Sies, Numerical Simulation of Confined Vortex Flow Using a Modified k-epsilon Turbulence Model.
CFD Letters, 2009. 1(2): p. 87-94

From a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis and an experiment on single cylinder engine test bed of combustion process in a compressed natural gas direct injection (CNGDI) engine with compression ratio 14:1, it can be concluded that a proper heat transfer mechanism was needed to avoid engine malfunction [5, 6].
Table 1: Boundary conditions for thermal analysis on the CNGDI piston Boundary Conditions Marker Temperature [℃] Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m2K] Edge of piston crown 1 300 230 Between ring grooves 2 110 115 Ring grooves 3 85 625 Piston skirts 4 85 60 Under the piston crown 5 110 717 Behind piston skirt 6 110 191 Table 2: Loads for thermal analysis of CNGDI piston Engine Speed [rpm] Average Peak Combustion Temperature, T [℃] 1000 465 2000 534 3000 561 4000 639 5000 714 5400 720 (a) (b) Fig. 2: Geometry of (a) Meshed solid 3D model of CNGDI piston; and (b) coating layer Table 3: Material properties Material AC8Aluminium alloy NiCrAl YPSZ Specific Heat [J/kgK] 960 764 620 Density [kg/m3] 2700 7870 5650 Thermal Conductivity [W/mK] 155 6.1 1.4 Thermal Expansion ×10-6 [1/K] 21 12 10.9 Finite Element Analysis The FEA simulation of the piston crown for the CNGDI engine was carried out by using a set
Simulations were conducted at all engine speeds on the uncoated and the ceramic based YPSZ/NiCrAl coated one.
Shi, Simulation and analysis of thermo-mechanical coupling load and mechanical dynamic load for a piston. 2nd Int.
Modelling and Simulation (2010)

Thermodynamic Model Developing A one-dimensional, one-zone thermodynamic model developed and calibrated by authors over the years in processes simulations was used for mathematical simulation in order to study the vaporization and combustion processes of fuel drops inside the cylinder of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel fuel and LPG.
Teichmann, Internal Combustion Engines Fundamentals: Running, Simulation, Measuring, Springer, Germany, 2011 [6] M.
Boulouchos, Influence of Injector Diameter (0.2-1.2 mm range) on Diesel Spray Combustion: Measurements and CFD Simulations, SAE Technical Paper 1419 (2014)

Fig. 9 Influence of Rayleigh number on the average Sherwood number and average Nusselt number Conclusions In this paper, a numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer was developed in a two-dimensional horizontal space annulus, situated within two horizontal confocal elliptic cylinders.
Numerical simulation of double diffusive natural convection in a vertical rectangular enclosure.
Numerical simulation of unsteady double-diffusive natural convection within an inclined parallelepipedic enclosure.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Natural Convection around a Horizontal Elliptic Cylinder Inside a Square Enclosure.
CFD Letters, 14(3), 96-118 [22] A.

Lu et al [2, 3] carried out some simulation experiments using a semi-closed bomb with the same inner dimensions as the actual base bleed unit, to study the combustion destabilization characteristics of BBU under rapid depressurization.
As soon as the exhaust nozzle is opened, the transient depressurization arises, and the pressure outlet condition is p=p(t) (6) Numerical Simulation Results The internal flow characteristics in the BBU simulator can be simulated using the CFD software.
Tab. 1 Parameters of base bleed charge and combustion gas Parameter ρc/kg·m-3 λc/W·(m·K) -1 Cc/J·(kg·K)-1 b/m·(Pan·s)-1 n Tg/K Rg/J/(kg·K)-1 γ Value 1370 0.46 1450 8.51×10-7 0.572 1812 397 1.283 Comparison of simulation and experimental results.
These three simulations had the same initial condition.
Guo, in: Exterior Ballistics of Base Bleed Projectile, editied by National Defense Industry Press, Beijing (1995), in Chinese [2] C Y Lu, Y H Zhou, Y G Yu: Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, Vol. 15, No. 6 (2007), p. 587, in Chinese [3] C Y Lu, Study on Characteristics of Unstable Combustion of Base Bleed Unit, edited by Doctoral Disseratation of Nanjing University of Science and Technology (2009), in Chinese [4] X S Wu, J Chen, D Wang, et al, in: Numerical Simulation of Working Process of Solid Rocket Engine, editied by High Education Press, Beijing (2006), in Chinese [5] K K Kuo, M Summerfield, in: Fundamentals of Solid Propellant Combustion, traslated by R G Zhu, G J Yu, M L Lian, et al, edited by China Astronautics Press, Beijing (1994), in Chinese

Keywords: ingot casting, flow simulation, continuous casting, low dross.
In recent years, there has been considerable improvement in commercial CFD software to enable simulation of moving objects in flow fields [3, 4] such as FLOW-3D [5].
In all simulations, only the second or middle spout of the CASTfill model fully passed under the feed launder tip.
Whereas the forming of bubbles as a result of jetting was observed in casting trials, this phenomenon was not predicted in simulations.
This is contrary to the simulation results shown in Figs. 4a and 4b.

Introduction Vector field visualization plays an important role in scientific research and is widely used to analyze data originating from numerical simulations or measurements such as those of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), climate modeling, and electromagnetism.

The FEA simulations were carried out to study the mechanical behaviors such as the displacement of membrane for both ideal shape and modified shape using FEA software ANSYS (http://www.ansys.com).
The different fluid velocity was applied to the dome membrane, where the analysis of viscous drag force was simulated using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software.