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The aim of this study is to investigate the performance PVD-TiAlN carbide tool and surface integrity during machining of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy under various cutting parameter with dry machining condition Experimental Procedures The workpiece material used in the machining trials was a titanium alloy alpha-beta grade Ti-6%Al-4&V Extra Low Interstitial (Ti-6Al-4V ELI).
Table 2: Chemical composition of the workpiece material Ti- 6Al-4V ELI (% wt) HEAT C Si Fe Ti Al N V S O H Y C-11465 0.11 < 0.03 0.18 Bal. 6.1 0.007 4.0 < 0.003 0.11 0.0031 < 0.005 The average flank wear (VB) was measured by using a Mitutoyo Tool Maker Microscope at 20x magnification, and the machining time was recorded using a stopwatch.
It is clearly seen that a typical three-stages pattern of tool wear was obtained, while was similar with the pattern reported by Jawaid et al. [4] when machining titanium alloy with coated and uncoated carbide tools.
Jawaid et al. [4] found that the feed rate also contributed to increase in temperature during machining titanium alloy.
El-maghrabi: EMARC Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. (2007) [12] A.

Edwards1,4,e 1 Materials Engineering, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK 2 Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK 3 Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland 4 Currently at: ANSTO, PMB1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia a m.k.khan@open.ac.uk, bm.e.fitzpatrick@open.ac.uk, csvh2@leicester.ac.uk, dAlexander.Evans@psi.ch, el.edwards@open.ac.uk Keywords: Scratches, Residual stress, Synchrotron X-rays, Nanoindentation Abstract The residual strain field around scratches of 125 µm depth and 5 µm root radius have been measured using synchrotron X-ray diffraction.
Boyce et al. [11] measured the residual stress field around FOD using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and found that the initial residual stress around the damage was highly tensile at 40% of the yield stress.
Nowell, et al. (2004). 4th International symposium on fretting fatigue, Lyon, France, Elsevier Sci Ltd
Duo, et al. (2002). 4th International conference on fatigue damage of structural materials, Hyannis, Massachusetts, Elsevier Sci Ltd
Ruschau, et al. (2000). 3rd International conference on fatigue damage of structural materials, Hyannis, Massachusetts, Elsevier Sci Ltd

Zheng et al. introduced a mean-shift-based color segmentation algorithm, which focused on the accuracy of the vegetation segmentation at the cost of the real-timeliness[11].
El-Faki, N.
El-Faki, N.

Pereira, A.L.
El-Arnaouty, A.M.
El Shafey: J.

El-Mounayri and ect.[10] Presented that any shape of cutting edge can be represented by 3D polynomial curves, such as cubic Bezier curves which are general and computationally efficient.
There are three Gaussian points for quadratic NURBS curve element and there are six Gaussian points for the ruled surface element to evaluate the integration according to observations of Hughes et al.[16].
El-Mounayri: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Vol.13(1997), No.4, p.237-247

Al Daroukh, M.; Vashook, V.
Tonus, F.; Greaves, C.; El Shinawi, H.; Hansen, T.; Hernandez, O.; Battle, P.
El Shinawi, H.; Greaves, C., Synthesis and characterization of La1.5+xSr0.5-xCo0.5Ni0.5O4+/-δ (x = 0, 0.2).

Here, a combination of PD control, state-feedback control, and a disturbance observer were used to either provide additional steering input to or directly modify a driver’s steering command to deal with disturbances such as wind gusts for increased yaw stability Another example is by Oh et. al., from Hyundai and associated with Hanyang University [20].
El-Gindy, and B.
El Gindy, and B.

Aggoun, et al., Silica fume effect on hydration heat and compressive strength of high-performance concrete, ACI Mater.
El-alfi, A.M.
Abu-el-naga, Influence of substitution of ordinary Portland cement by silica fume on the hydration of slag-portland cement pastes Ceramics-Silikaty. 55 (2011) 147-152

The analysis was performed with a monochromatic Al Ka X-ray source (1486.7 eV), operating at 15kV (150 W), in FAT mode (Fixed Analyser Transmission), with pass energy of 40 eV for regions ROI and 80 eV for the survey.
El-Zairy, B.M.
Abou El-Kheir, H.E.

Mo et al., “Inside or Outside: Origin of Lithium Dendrite Formation of All Solid-State Electrolytes,” Adv.
El Hachem, K.
El-Dieb and R.