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El Fakir1,a, S.
Table 1: Chemical composition of AZ31 [18] Element Al Zn Mn Mg Wt% 2.5-3.5 0.7-1.3 0.2-1.0 Bal.

%Al alloy show that temperature gradient in the melt declines and velocity of the solid-liquid front increases with time, thus promoting good conditions for a columnar to equiaxed transition.
%Al alloy sample, dense yttria (Y2O3) crucible, tantalum (Ta) cartridge, argon (Ar) as an ambient gas and diffuse and gray surfaces of heaters.
%Al alloy including liquidus and peritectic temperature.
%Al alloy and two values of stability parameter σ* = 0.0253 and 0.0506, used in FTM simulations are presented in Fig. 4.
Fautrelle et al., in the Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Solidification and Gravity, SG08, University of Miskolc, 2008 [4] T.W.

The similar substructure occur at primary α-Al and inter Si particles of semi-liquid die cast, too.
References [1] Reingart T, Fatigue and Fracture Properties of Al Alloy Castings, ASM Handbook, Vol. 19 (1996), p. 813
[2] Gall K, Yang N, Horstemeyer M, Mcdowell D.L and Fan J, The debonding and fracture of Si particle during the fatigue of a cast Al-Si alloy.
[4] Han S-W, Kumai and Sato A, Fatigue crack growth behavior in semi-liquid die-cast Al-7%Si0.4%Mg alloys with fine effective grain structure.
Fatigue crack growth behaviors in Al-7%Si-0.4Mg sand cast alloys .

Seebeck et al. [13], Herfat et al. [32], Duda et al. [17], Cake at al. [38] and Cake et al. [24] recorded for all four limbs the peak vertical GRF, normalizing after to the animal´s bodyweight.
Shelton et al. [34], Frank et al. [36], Safayi et al. [42], Wilson et al. [43], Tapper et al. [18], Kim et al. [27], Hobbs-Chell et al. [33], Agostinho et al. [35] and Valentin et al. [40] evaluated the stride length as the distance from hoof strike to hoof strike, from the same limb.
Safayi et al. [42], Wilson et al. [43] Tapper et al. [18], Tapper et al. [22], Kim et al. [27] and Agostinho et al. [35] use the same criteria described to calculate the duration of the gait cycle.
El-warrak, F.O.B.
El-Warrak, F.

These findings were confirmed by Venkateswarlu et al. and Al-Sulaiman et al. [4,25].
[11] El-Aty, Ali Abd, Yong Xu, Xunzhong Guo, Shihong Zhang, Yan Ma, and Dayong Chen.
Al-Sulaiman, A.
Al-Mithin, M.
Al-Karim.

[25] Houssni El-Saied, Ahmed I.
El-Diwany, Altaf H.
El-Ghwas.Production and Characterization of Economical Bacterial Cellulose.
[31] Joong K P, Omer S, Taous K, et al.

Al-Muallem, M.
El-Hajjaji, M.
El Ouariachi, O.
El Ouadi, A.

Investigating the Effects of Partial Replacement with Sewage Sludge, Calcined Clay, and Waste Marble Powder on Cement Paste Properties Abdul Rahim Al Umairi1,a*, Hamed Al Kindi1,b 1University of Technology and Applied Sciences, College of Engineering and Technology, Muscat, Oman a*abdulrahim.alomairi@utas.edu.om, bhamed.alkindi@utas.edu.om Keywords: Sewage sludge ash, calcined clay, marble waste, cement.
[5] Marzouk, M., Hossain, K., & El-Masry, A.: Sustainability in construction: Utilizing marble waste in concrete.

· Benmebarek et al. [4], utilizing PLAXIS software to quantify W/H ratio effects on lateral earth pressures, failure surface geometry, and reinforcement tensile forces; · Sravanam et al. [5], Dram et al. [6], Chauhan et al. [7], Vadavadagi et al. [8], Yazdandoust et al. [9], Farik et al [10], Rahmouni et al. [11], Hanan et al. [12], Abdoli et al. [13] have conducted complementary studies that address critical design parameters.
Key contributions include: Hatami and Bathurst [20, 21], Samee et al. [22, 23], Attallaoui et al. [24] evaluated seismic performance under dynamic loads, Huang et al. [25, 26] quantified stress redistribution in closely spaced walls, Abdelouhab et al. [27] assessed the role of backfill anisotropy, Damians et al. [28] focused on sustainable reinforcement materials, Yu et al. [29, 30] investigated slope-structure interaction effects, Umashankar et al. [31] proposed design optimization frameworks, and Sravanam et al. [32, 33] analyzed failure modes in connected and unconnected systems.
Similar stiffness ranges have been adopted by several researchers, including Sravanam et al. [32], Dram Abdelkader et al. [37], Rajagopal and Thiyyakkandi [38].
In this study, the FS against global shear failure was evaluated using the shear strength reduction (SSR) technique, following the approach of El-Sherbiny et al. [39].
El-Sherbiny, E.

UTS, MPa (ksi) 0.2%PS, MPa (ksi) % El % RA Modulus, GPA (msi) 940 (136) 870 (126) 16.5 50.3 114 (16.5) SPF Evaluations.
Lutjering et. al., published by DCM, 2003, p.569 [2] I.V.
Ninomi et al, published by JIM, 2007, p.535 [5] H.
Lutjering et. al., published by DCM, 2003, p.635 [6] B.
Ninomi et. al., JIS publ, 2007, p.287 [7] W.