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A pulsating loading path, under which the internal hydraulic pressure necessary for bulging a tubular part is intentionally oscillated during tube hydro-forming, was proposed by Rikimaru et al [12] and proved that it can not only delay the happening of wrinkling and cracking but can also reduce the hydraulic pressure for hydro-forming.
Hama et al [13] made a finite element analysis on the pulsating hydro-forming of a three-dimensional automotive part and the result shows that enough bulging height can be obtained by applying a small hydraulic pressure.
Yuan et al [14] investigated the pulsating hydro-forming of an automotive subframe by finite element simulation and the study shows that the pulsating path can restrain the local excessive thinning perfectly.
Yang et al [15] explored the mechanism of pulsating hydro-forming by finite element simulation and concluded that the uniformity of wall thickness of a formed part was improved remarkably since the pulsating hydraulic pressure had driven the deformation zone into two alternating states “Tiny wrinkling appears and then disappeared’’.
Vol. 166(2006), p.142-145 [5] E.L.

Varghese S et al. [2] in 2000 assigned a study of drilling skinny carbon/epoxy laminates with 2 type of drills, a spiral drill and drill of special maths, and finished that every drills leads a damage at the entry inside the wall therefore exit of the outlet, with the exception of special maths drill that's possible a significant reduction inside the ultimate damage.
Lin et al. [3] in 1996 assigned a study on drilling of carbon fibre bolstered composite at high speed and finished that an increase of the cutting rate leads a increasing of the drill wear.
Enemouch et al. [4] in 2001, notice that with the applying of the technique of taguchi and various methods, were come-at-able to appreciate the cutting parameters that allowed the absence of damage in drilling of fibre bolstered plastics.
Koeing et al. [5] studied in 1985 the machining of fibre bolstered plastics and finished that a high feed rate of drilling will cause a crack around the exit fringe of the outlet.
Sherif El-Gizawy, and A.

Table 3 Examples of case studies of energy security assessment at different scales Scale Content Source national scale Cao and Bluth analyzed the challenges and countermeasures of China’s energy security; [19] Martchamadol and Kumar studied the energy security in Thailand using nineteen indicators; [17] Löschel et al. assessed the energy security in industrialized countries [20] Vivoda studied the energy security in Japan [21] provincial scale Chuang and Ma assessed the Taiwan’s energy policy using multi-dimensional energy security indicators [22] urban scale Fu et al. studied the energy indicator system in Chinese urban systems; [23] Wang et al. analyzed Beijing’s energy security using AHP method; [24] Sun and Ma established the index system of urban energy security [25] specific sector scale Grubb et al. studied the diversity and security in UK’s electricity generation [26] Discussion and conclusions Facing with increasingly serious problems such as big gap between energy demand and
Goldemberg, E.L.

Besides, Shakhpazov et al. indicated that using the slag is as a role of a flux in the sintering process of iron ore; the useful elements can be recovered in order to get high economy efficiency [2].
Furthermore, Bölükbaşi et al. [7] shown the properties of the iron ore sinter with the amount of the steelmaking slag addition into the sinter blend.
It well determined that the liquid phase of silicate was grey area which would be in similarity with the finding of Umadevi et al. [9]; it concluded that the strength of the pellet was dependent on liquid phase formation.
Pal et al. and Jang at el. indicated porosity increased with the reducibility of the pellet [12,13].

References [1] Hui Wu, Juan CHen, Chengfang Li, et al.
El-Khaiary.
[5] Juan Tu, Li Zhang, Li Zhao, et al.
Environmental Science Vol.1(1995), p. 12-15(.in Chinese) [6] Deshuai Zhang, Xiaodong Zhang, Zhongyi Zhang, et al.
Wang, et.al.

Ali et al. [6] stated that DI water functionalization on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofiber develop the oxygenated functionalities onto carbon surfaces.
Ong et al. [7] also claimed that the DI water is an effective agent to increase the surface area and surface polarity of activated carbon.
El-Shafey, S.
Al-Busafi, H.
Al-Lawati, Preparation and characterization of surface functionalized activated carbons from date palm leaflets and application for methylene blue removal, J.

Firrao, et al., Influence of the microstructure on fatigue and fracture toughness properties of large heat-treated mold steels, Materials Science & Engineering A 559 (2012) 371-383
Briant, E.L.
Zuna, et al., Evaluation of Kinetics of Austenite Graingrowth of Selected Steels used for Heavy Forgings.
Li, et al., Effect of microstructure evolution on strength and impact toughness of G18CrMo2-6heat-resistant steel during tempering, Materials Science & Engineering A 604 (2014) 103-110
Leea, et al., Characterization of transition behaviour in SA508 Gr.4N Ni–Cr–Mo low alloy steels with microstructural alteration by Ni and Cr contents, Materials Science and Engineering A 529 (2011) 156-163.

At the state of the art, traditional materials, such as aluminum (Al), and hydrogen-rich polymers, like PE, have shown the better shielding behavior [5, 8].
Depending on the orbit, Al can be replaced by PE in such a way to reduce the payload without affecting the shielding effectiveness [9].
The latter solution is particularly promising because of the materials ability to absorb the radiation and convert it into heat; both Al and PE have a good shielding ability and thus they can be used to manufacture passive shields.
El-Nachef, M.L.
Al-Choboq, A.

AZO thin films on different deposition pressure were successfully deposited onto glass substrate with preferential hexagonal wurtzite with the ( 0 0 2) orientation similar to the XRD peak pattern for standard ZnO (JCPDS 36-1451) [10] and no other phases have been observed suggest that there are no impurity of Al compound shows in XRD pattern suggesting Al3+ ions filled or substitutes the Zn2+ site in ZnO lattice or either Al3+ ions occupy the interstitial sites of ZnO [11].
C, a El-Shaer,“Zinc oxide nanorod based photonic devices: recent progress in growth, light emitting diodes and lasers.,” Nanotechnology, vol. 20, no. 33, p. 332001, Aug. 2009
Hou, “Effects of deposition power and pressure on the crystallinity of Al-doped ZnO thin films at glass substrates by low temperature RF magnetron sputtering,” vol. 48, pp. 214–222, 2012
Yang, “Effect of substrate temperature on the structural and optical properties of ZnO and Al-doped ZnO thin films prepared by dc magnetron sputtering,” Opt.
Huang, “Influence of working pressure on structural and optoelectronic properties of Al-doped ZnO thin films,” pp. 569–572, 2014.

Gupta et al [5] studied the perforation behavior of thin aluminum plate experimentally as well as numerically by hitting the blunt and hemispherical nose projectile on 1mm thick aluminum plate.
Iqbal et al [8] carried out the numerical study to know the impact behavior of ductile targets subjected to normal and oblique impact by sharp nosed cylindrical projectiles.
Arias el al. (2008) also investigated the perforation behavior of thin steel plates impacted by blunt, conical and hemispherical nosed projectile with a large range of impact velocities from 190 to 600 m/s.  
Johnson et al [9] investigated the ballistic performance of aluminum and steel plates layered structure.