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Amano, et al.
Lehtomaki , et al.
Kaasalainen, et al.
El-Sheimy, K.P.
Pilutti, et al.

., et al., Properties and biological significance of natural oxide films on titanium and its alloys, in Titanium in medicine. 2001, Springer. p. 171-230
Kanma, Argon gas pressure dependence of the properties of transparent conducting ZnO: Al films deposited on glass substrates.
Bird, and E.L.
Harper, J., et al., Mean free path of negative ions in diode sputtering.
Harrison Jr, D., et al., Computer simulation of sputtering.

Table 1 XRF results for pure and modified silica nanoparticles Sample Si (KCps) O (KCps) Al (KCps) Pure silica 45.66 53 - 1% Al 45.65 53 0.71 3% Al 45.20 53 1.80 5% Al 44.60 53 2.39 Morphology of modified silica nanoparticles (FESEM).
Abou-El-Sherbini, "Modification of aminopropyl silica gel with some chelating agents and their effect on its stability against hydrolysis," J.

In situ distractibility was also seen as an advantage by Knop et al [23].
Moreover, the Obelisc cage has spikes, the importance of which was stressed by Morlock et al [24] in a study on human cadaver specimens.
El Saghir, S.K.Tschoke, R.Kayser, Surgical treatment of spondylodiscitis in the cervical spine: a minimum 2-year follow-up, Eur Spine J 15 (2006) 1380–7 [17] A.H.Fayazi, S.C.Ludwig, M.Dabbah, R.Bryan Butler, D.E.Gelb, Preliminary results of staged anterior debridement and reconstruction using titanium mesh cages in the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral osteomyelitis, Spine J 4 (2004) 388–95 [18] J.S.Lee, K.T.Suh, Posterior lumbar interbody fusion with an autogenous iliac crest bone graft in the treatment of pyogenic spondylodiscitis, J Bone Joint Surg Br 88 (2006) 765–70 [19] C.Hopf, A.Meurer, P.Eysel, J.D.Rompe, Operative treatment of spondylodiscitis—what is the most effective approach?
Neurosurg Rev 21 (1998) 217–25 [20] U.Liljenqvist, T.Lerner, V.Bullmann, L.Hackenberg, H.Halm, W.Winkelmann, Titanium cages in the surgical treatment of severe vertebral osteomyelitis, Eur Spine J 12 (2003) 606–12 [21] O.Suess, L.Weise, M.Brock, T.Kombos, Debridement and spinal instrumentation as a single-stage procedure in bacterial spondylitis/spondylodiscitis, Zentralbl Neurochir 68 (2007) 123–32 [22] Z.Klezl, C.A.Bagley, M.J.Bookland, J.P.Wolinsky, Z.Rezek, Z.L.Gokaslan, Harms titanium mesh cage fracture, Eur Spine J. 16 (2007) 306-10 [23] C.Knop, U.Lange, L.Bastian et al., Vergleichende biomechanische Kompressionsversuche mit einem neuen Wirbelkörperersatzimplantat, Unfallchirurg 104 (2001) 25-33 [24] M.Morlock, J.Strandborg, K.Sellenschloh et al., Migration Characteristics and primary stability of vertebral body replacement systems in combination with dorso lumbar spondylodeses, Orthopäde 31 (2002) 514-521

The WCA of these samples are shown in each figures Duske et al. [6] reported that the atmospheric plasma treatment for the implant metals decreased the WCA of the metals due to the cleaning of the surface.
Li et al. [7] showed that airborne hydrocarbon increased the WCA of a graphitic surface from 44 to 80 º by just being exposed to ambient air.
Eric et al. [8] reported that the WCA of zirconium increased as increasing in the thickness of the hydrocarbon layer, and the WCA of Zr was about 95 º with 17 nm thick hydrocarbon layer.
Kuroda et al. [5] reported that fibronectin was adsorbed on more hydrophobic titanium surface rather than as-polished one.
Quahtany, Nahla S. and El-Shenawy, Surface Modification of Titanium Plate with Anodic Oxidation and Its Application in Bone Growth, J.

In this study an analytical model based on the experiment of Wight et al (2008) is prepared and validated.
Prior to the testing of walls the flexural strength of masonry walls were determined using bracing capacity values specified in NZS 4229:1999.Further to evaluate wall strength analytic model like Strut & Tie method and Improved Strut & Tie method was developed by Voon et al (2001).Bracing capacity of walls with opening were evaluated on the basis of bracing panels considered in the wall.
To consider the friction between wall and beam we would give the option interaction property which is suggested by Mohammad et al. (2015).
Table 3 Reinforced masonry wall test details from literature and comparison with ABAQUS Wall opening LOAD ABAQUS RESULT EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH (VOON et al) 600x800 35.2kN 0.5915mm 0.63mm -33.1kN (-)0.5904mm (-)0.6mm 600x1200 26.6kN 0.45mm 0.43mm -26.8kN -0.418 -0.42 600x2000 21.2kN 0.86mm 0.85mm -20.9kN -0.777mm -0.77mm Parametric Study After the validation of the FE model in ABAQUS package, parametric study was carried out to monitor the changes in deflection of the masonry walls subjected to loads corresponding to various change in parameters.
[5] El Gawady A,Ryu d. and Wijeyewickrema,(2014) Seismic Behaviour of unbonded Post-Tensioned Masonry Walls”,Tenth U.S.

Engler et al, 2006 [2] demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into neurons, myoblast or osteoblast, according to biomaterial stiffness.
Bernards et al, 2008 [6] studied osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 adhesion on hydroxyapatite, (HA), substrates adsorbed with bone sialoprotein, bone osteopontin, and bovine serum albumin (BSA).
Thian et al. [8] studied the behavior of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite (ZnHA) and hydroxyapatite (HA).
A similar result was reported by Rhee et al. [12] that demonstrated that spreading of fibroblasts cells occurs by lamellipodial extensions on 2D collagen-coated coverslips and by dendritic extensions on 3D relaxed collagen matrices.
El Kadi, N.

More recently, Sasahara et al. [9] have shown that there is a strong connection between the surface integrity induced by machining and the resulting fatigue life of the product.
Element Ti Al V Fe C N H O % Balance 6 4 0.3 0.08 0.05 0.01 0.2 This includes surface topography study, residual stress and hardness measurements and also metallographic analysis of the specimens using an optical microscope in order to analyze the microstructural deformations, which might be formed as a result of high speed milling processes.
Even the deformed layer just under the machined surface which were noticed by the previous work of Daymi et al [4] were not observed when varying the feed value this is due to the soft cutting conditions used for the finish milling operation.
El-Wardany, H.

Using the carrier compound of p-NH2TPP as the electroactive material and DBP as the plasticizer, a PVC membrane mercury ion electrode was prepared according to the procedure described by Moody et al [11].
Al-Sibaai, H.M.
Al-Saidi and M.S.
El-Shahawi: J.

[6] El-Mounayri, D.Wasfy, and et al.
,and et al.
Comp Appl Eng Vol. 19 (2011), p.466–474 [9] Z.Zhao, et al. establishment and teaching application of NC simulation environment based on Vericut, reaearch and exploration in laboratory, Vol. 32 (2013), p.28-31 (in Chinese) [10] H.Li, D,Ji.