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As a matter of fact a process is often terminated in practice at a stage where the material concerned is far from equilibrium.
The development is discussed at length in issues of the journal Harterei-Technische Mitteilungen in 1993 and 1994.
Progress is limited by the lack of numerical data ("material constants") to put into the models for application to materials used in practice.
"Simply" measuring the character traits of practical materials, as exhibited by, for example, transfer and diffusion coefficients, is in order.
Therefore I do hope that these proceedings will be considered as useful by those active or interested in this classical field of materials science and engineering.

Canyurt [2] proposed the Genetic Algorithm Welding Strength Estimation Model (GAWSEM) to estimate the mechanical properties of the welded joint for the brass materials.
The 150x200x4.5mm mild steel with SS330 materials and steel wire with a diameter of 1.2mm for the butt welding were employed for experiment.
Canyurt: Estimation of welded joint strength using genetic algorithm approach, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 47 (8), August, (2005) 1249-1261
Ferraresi: Comparison between genetic algorithms and response surface methodology in GMAW welding optimization, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 160 (1), 1 March, (2005) 70-76
Meran: Prediction of the optimized welding parameters for the joined brass plates using genetic algorithm, Materials & Design 27 (5), (2006) 356-363

Preparation of N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan–Human-like collagen microspheres for drug delivery PEI MA,1,a RAN SU,1,b and DAI-DI FAN,1,c* 1 Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China amapei@nwu.edu.cn, bsuranxida@163.com, cfandaidi@nwu.edu.cn Keywords: Cs, NOCC, HLC, microspheres.
Hydrogels microspheres are polymeric materials that have a three-dimensional network structure and can swell considerably in aqueous medium without dissolution.
Materials and methods 2.1.
Materials Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and chitosan were purchased from Sigma (USA).
Sung, A novel pH-sensitive hydrogel composed of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan and alginate cross-linked by genipin for protein drug delivery, Journal of Controlled Release. 96 (2004) 285–300

Export the entire model form Solidworks as .xt file[4].and import it to dynamics simulation software ADAMS, then give the corresponding materials information to every part.
The details are in the Table 2.The material of roller is elastic acrylic, the wheel support body is high-strength aluminum, and the body is steel.
But in practical applications, we should also be comprehensive consideration of the roller materials, number of the roller, and the wheel support way, combined with perfect control strategies to achieve the ideal Omni-directional movement.
References [1] GUAN Liying, HAO Xin, Design of Mecanum Wheels of Omni-directional Electric Forklifts [J],JOURNAL OF ACADEMY OF MILITARY TRANSPORTATION，Tianjin, China, 2009
[5] FAN Qinshan, YIN Yajun, Mechanics of materials[M], Beijing:Tsinghua University Press, 2008 [6] Jefri Efendi, Mohd Salih, Designing Omni-Directional Mobile Robot with Mecanum Wheel[J], American Journal of Applied Science s 3 (5):1831-1835,2006

[3] A.Molinari, M.Pellizzari, S.Gialanella, G.Straffelini, K.H.Stiasney, Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the Mechanical properties of tool steels, Journal of Material Processing Technology 118 (2001) 350-355
[4] V.Leskovsek, B.Ule, Influence of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Dimensional Changes of Vacuum Heat-Treated High-speed Steel, Heat Treatment of Metals, 2002.3 pp. 72-76 [5] J.Y.Huang, Y.T.Zhu, X.Z.Liao, I.J.Beyerlein, M.A.Bourke, T.E.Mitchell, Microstructure of cryogenic treated M2 tool steel, Materials and Engineering, A 339 (2003) pp. 241-244
Iyer, R.K.Paretkar, D.R.Peshwe, “ Deep subzero processing of metals and alloys: Evolution of microstructure of AISI T42 tool steel, Journal of Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 24: 718 – 722, 2009
[7] J.Y.Huang, Y.T.Zhu, X.Z.Liao, I.J.Beyerlein, M.A.Bourke, T.E.Mitchell, Microstructure of cryogenic treated M2 tool steel, Materials and Engineering, A 339 (2003) pp. 241-244
[9] Magnus Bergstrom, The Eta-carbides in the ternary system Fe-W-C at 12500C, Material Science and Engineering, 27 (1977) 257-269

The RF card on the material surface, as a kind of material (Electronic) label, through the portable handheld reader realize material identification and complete the tag data reading and writing, through two-way information transmission network, the final completion of the background server database updating of the information, to realize the dynamic management of equipment information.
Fixed reader and the PC machine is connected through the RS232 interface, through the development of label read-write subroutine to achieve label information initialization, the material information to the label in the list, as the electronic archives materials.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Xijing University Science Foundation (XJ120219) and Military Foundation Project.
Vol. 11 (2007), p. 56 [4] Lei Fu, Lijun Qiu: Journal of The Fourth Military Medical University (In Chinese).
Vol. 28 (2007), p. 1329 [5] Jun Yin, Jian Wang, Kaiyuan Li et al: Chinese Journal of Management (In Chinese).

However, PP materials currently used flammable, burning drops off when there will be melting, easily lead to fires.
Materials of the PP/IFR(70/33mass ratio)were blended by using two roll mill at 170℃.
From Fig. 6(A) we can find PP basically has no ability to generate carbon layer, belonging to flammable materials.
Table 2 shows the test results of tensile and impact properties of composite materials.
Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2009, 29(6): 556-559(in Chinese)

The importance of NFC (Natural Fiber Composite) as construction materials is widely accepted all over the world.
Natural fibers, for example, wood fibers, bamboo fibers, rice husks are the most familiar materials in human living.
There are many NFC producers, but in academia there are some discrepancies about the role of ingredients and the effect of reinforcing materials of NFC.
Ingredients One of the difficulties when we deal with natural resources is that the chemical composition and size of materials can hardly be controlled.
[6] Behzad Kord, Influence of Maleic Anhydride on the Flexural, Tensile and Impact Characteristics of Sawdust Flour Reinforced Polypropylene Composite, World Applied Sciences Journal 12(7), 2011, 1014~1016.

Experiment Considering less kind of raw material, process and lowering the costs, the matrix composition of free lead and cadmium is prepared by soda-lime silica system with the composition of SiO2 75.7mass% CaO 8.1mass% Na2O 16.2mass% The raw materials are respectively quartz ,calcite and sodium carbonate, the colorants are antimony oxide ,sulphur, reducing agent is carbon dust.
Research on antimony ruby red glass[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,4[1]:36~40 [6]Huang xihuai。
A study on the antimony rubin glass[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,1962，5[2]:98~102 [7]Sun chengguo, Ning wei, Wang qingwei.
Color in Business, Science and Industry[M].New York: John Wiley &Sons,1975:102~188

On the Deduction and the Application of Dynamic Similarity Criteria of Steel Structure Under Large Deformation Condition Yuan Li1,2,a 1 College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China, 266061 2 Institute of Civil Engineering, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao ,China, 266109 aqdnd.ly@163.com, Keywords: steel structure, dynamic, deformation, similarity criteria, physical parameter, dimensional analysis Abstract.
Similarity theory of model test The main physical quantities which affect dynamic characteristics of isotropic elasto-plastic material are: load , length , time , density, elastic modulus ,Poisson ratio ,stress , circular frequency, velocity , acceleration , displacement .
From above formula, it is concluded that if the prototype and scale model use same material then , , we can deduce: , , ,,, (6) When the size of prototype and scale model is determined , length scale is an exact value; when similarity material is chosen, ,,,,,,are determined.
Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2000,40(1):1-8
Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2009,45(1):273-276